b. [akoi]pivot nom.1sg [ang nom s〈um〉ukat perf.av.measure ___i ng gen kabilugan circumference ng gen ulo head ni gen John]cle f t John I’m the one that measured the circumference of John’s head. ∗With thanks to Geraldine Baniqued, Johann Carlos Sulit Barcena, Luvee Hazel Calventas-Aquino, Jo Castro, Joe-Bren Consuelo, Karlo Jorge Dizon, Valerie Gamao, Edward Ross, and Catherine Tadina for their...

No wonder you activities are, reading will be always needed. It is not only to fulfil the duties that you need to finish in deadline time. Reading will encourage your mind and thoughts. Of course, reading will greatly develop your experiences about everything. Reading word order and constituent structure in german is also a way as one of the collective books that gives many advantages. The adva...

Word order and accent placement are the primary linguistic means to indicate focus/background structures in German. This paper presents a pipelined architecture for the generation of German monologues with contextually appropriate word order and accent placements for the realization of focus/background structures. Our emphasis is on the sentence planner that extends the respective propositional...

During the grammatical encoding of spoken multiword utterances, various kinds of information must be used to determine the order of words. For example, whereas in adjective-noun utterances like "red car," word order can be determined on the basis of the word's grammatical class information, in noun-noun utterances like "... by car, bus, or ...," word order cannot be determined on the basis of a...

The paper describes an experiment consisting in the attempt to quantify word-order properties of three Indo-European languages (Czech, English and Farsi). The investigation is driven by the endeavor to find an objective way how to compare natural languages from the point of view of the degree of their word-order freedom. Unlike similar studies which concentrate either on purely linguistic or pu...

The tendency for languages to use harmonic word order patterns—orders that place heads in a consistent position with respect to modifiers or other dependents—has been noted since the 1960s. As with many other statistical typological tendencies, there has been debate regarding whether harmony reflects properties of human cognition or forces external to it. Recent research using laboratory langua...

In free word order languages, every s('.ni;cn(:(~ is cml)eddcd in its specific contexL The order of consl;ituenLs is d('tcrmincd l)y the categories theme, t heme and contrastive J'oc'us. This paper shows [low to recognisc mid to transhti,e these cat;egorles autom;~t;ically on ;~ serH,e.ntial basis, so that SCilI;ClIC(.' ('ml)edding; can I)c' achieved wit;houL having i;o tel'e,' 1,o l,h(', co,> ...

The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between case and free word order in Korean by providing proper LP constraints which solve the problems of the previous analyses such as Kuno's (1980) Crossing-Over Constraint (COC). Based on Cho & Chai (2000), we introduce a new type marker which includes case, postpositions, and delimiters. We also add the Adjunct LP Constraint and the A...

Recent work in comparative linguistics suggests that all, or almost all, attested human languages may derive from a single earlier language. If that is so, then this language-like nearly all extant languages-most likely had a basic ordering of the subject (S), verb (V), and object (O) in a declarative sentence of the type "the man (S) killed (V) the bear (O)." When one compares the distribution...

This paper presents an experimental study investigating the development of a flexible word order in early bilingual (2L) acquisition as opposed to monolingual (L1) acquisition 1 . In particular, it concerns the acquisition of direct object scrambling as a means of encoding specificity/definiteness by monolingual Ukrainian and bilingual English-Ukrainian children. Research within the last twenty...