Nonlinear space-charge effects play an important role in emittance growth in the production of kA electron bunches with a bunch length much smaller than the bunch diameter. We propose a scheme employing the radial third-order component of an electrostatic acceleration field, to fully compensate the nonlinear space-charge effects. This results in minimal transverse root-mean-square emittance. Th...

Using 1998-2005 EXECUCOMP data on Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) CEOs, this study addresses some of the issues that arise when modeling CEO incentive-based compensation. The purpose is to investigate how profit efficiencies are impacted by CEO compensation and their composition of pay packages. Since a disproportionate amount of a REITs expenses are executive compensation related, this iss...

Much nonmanagerial work is routine, with all workers having similar output most of the time. However, failure to address occasional challenges can be very costly, and consequently easily detected, while challenges handled well pass unnoticed. We analyze job-assignment and worker-monitoring for such ‘guardian’ jobs. If monitoring costs are positive but small, monitoring is nonmonotonic in the fi...

A type II line balancing problem with multiple workers in workstations (mALBP-II) is considered given a total number of workers, group and tasks into so as to minimize cycle time. Different from the manufacturing environment where traditional assembly (ALBP) rises, manual or semimanual enjoys much higher flexibility allowing perform same set on workpieces workstation parallel. The freedom speci...

One of the basic combinatorial optimization problems is the assignment problem that deals with assigning jobs to individuals. In traditional assignment problems, n jobs usually assign to n individuals such that the total cost is minimized or the total profit is maximized. However, in numerous real-life applications, various attributes could be considered in assignment problems while data (obj...

1. Commercial level research on poultry welfare is increasingly important because of the insight it gives into what improves welfare in the context of other important drivers such as human health, environmental impact and cost. 2. There are, however, a number of problems with conducting commercial level research - such as conflicts over aims, financial compensation and legal issues - that nee...

There is a global movement for people with a disability towards person-centred practices with opportunities for self-determination and choice. Person-centred approaches may involve individual funding (IF) for the purchase of required support. A shift to a person-centred model and IF should allow people with a disability and their carers greater choice in therapy access. However, individuals who...