OBJECTIVE Confounding and interaction have differing implications for the interpretation of findings and the design of research, mental health services, and policy. This study aimed to verify whether the association between sex and the use of services for mental health reasons is confounded or modified by social anchorage. METHODS We undertook a case-control study nested in Cycle 1.2 of the C...

Agents and endowments. There is a representative household and a government. For expositional purposes, the representative household is split into a ‘worker’ and a ‘shopper’. The worker receives a stochastic endowment yt(s ) of a single non-storable good. The household is prohibited from directly consuming its own endowment. Instead, the worker sells the endowment for money which is used by the...

BACKGROUND Marital separation and divorce can be the most unpleasant event in the adult's life, and families will be hurt by divorce event. The prevalence of divorce has been increased in last decades. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the divorce cause among the divorce seeking men and women in Qazvin, Iran. METHOD This cross-sectional study was conducted among 572 (400 women a...

Objectives: Speech and language development is one of the main aspects of evolution in humans and is one of the most complex brain functions such that it is referred to as one of the highest cortical functions such as thinking, reading and writing. Speech and language disorders are considered as a major public health problem because they cause many secondary complications in the childhood and a...

BACKGROUND Testicular cancer, while rare compared with other adult solid tumors, is the most common cancer in young men in northern Europe and North America. Risk factors include white race, positive family history, contralateral testicular cancer, cryptorchidism, infertility and testicular microlithiasis. As the genetic causes of familial clusters (Familial Testicular Cancer or FTC) are being ...

The added worker effect states that unemployment of a household member leads to an increase in labour supply of another household member. This paper investigates whether there is such an effect in a developing country. We use a rich data set for urban Ethiopia. We first give a brief description of who is unemployed within the household and find that they are mostly related to the household head...

the maintenance of the endangered caspian brown trout salmo trutta caspius populations in iran depends on its artificial breeding. there is no information on how current hatchery breeding protocol influences effective population size of breeders (ne), which is a critical parameter to maintain genetic diversity in future generations. the current hatchery protocol (chp) was comparatively evaluate...