Abstract We argue for a foundational epistemic claim and hypothesis about the production uses of mathematical epidemiological models, exploring consequences our political socio-economic lives. First, in order to make best use scientific we need understand why models are not truly representational world, but already pitched towards various uses. Second, implicit power relations numbers public po...

Since knowledge bases (KBs) are usually incomplete, they should be able to provide information regarding their own incompleteness, which requires them to introspect on what they know and do not know. An important area of research is to devise models of introspective reasoning that take into account resource limitations. Under the view that a KB is completely characterized by the set of beliefs ...

This paper presents an approach to default reasoning based on an extension to classical first-order logic. In this approach, first -order logic is augmented with a “variable conditional” operator for representing default statements. Truth in the resulting logic is based on a possible worlds semantics: the default statement C-P is true just when p is true in the least exceptional worlds in which...

In Probabilistic Logic Nilsson uses the device of a probability distribution over the set of possible worlds to assign probabilities to the sentences of a logical language. In his paper Nilsson concentrated on inference and associated computational issues. This paper, on the other hand, examines the probabilistic semantics in more detail, particularly for the case of first order languages, and ...

this article deals with the social theories and analysis of the theoreticiansconcerning the global changes and the foundations of global system and the new worldorder. it also deals with different phases in the theories of future thoughts and thederived mechanism and analyses the urban space as a key issue in social order in theheart of social theories. it also depicts the theories of great the...

the international relations is shaped to answer of order dilemma. the most important topic the theories of this discipline deal with is presenting a model of order by the players acting in the arena of international system. the purpose of the present article is to know what the theoretical approach of international relations concerning the problem of post cold war is. it seems that the discipli...