Virtual worlds (e.g., Second Life), where users interact and form relationships with other users’ virtual identities represented by avatars (i.e., human-avatar relationships), are increasingly influential in today’s businesses and society. Nevertheless, the sustainability and impact of virtual worlds depend largely on the closeness of human-avatar relationships. This study investigates the ante...

The issue of servants’ acts is one the most controversial issues in Islamic thought and helped to sharpen characteristics differences between theological schools, mainly due its relation taklīf responsibility. Therefore, understandings this revealed divine justice wisdom, as well interpretations fate destiny. 
 One noteworthy theories that Ibn ‘Arabī (d. 638/1240) his followers, who attemp...

Tangible interfaces offer natural means of human computer interaction and have already been shown to simplify existing computerized applications and offer solutions for tasks that were considered to be “out of the scope” of human-computer interaction. We are currently perusing new applications for 3D geometry defining tangible interfaces. In this paper we attempt to provide the reader with intr...

Only six years ago Europe engaged in a grand enterprise of institutional design that irreversibly tied together the monetary destiny of eleven, then twelve, nations. The European single currency, the euro, has in the meantime become a visible token of Europeans’ drive towards unification. Historically, currencies have been rightly regarded as one of the fundamental components of sovereignty. Th...

Virtual worlds such as Second Life have recently gained increased visibility from businesses seeking to market products “in-world” to virtual world participants. However, without understanding the sociological orientation of virtual participants, the effectiveness of marketing approaches in virtual worlds may be limited. This study utilizes a Delphi approach to determine the sociological orient...

Virtual world simulators like Second Life represent the latest and most successful frontier of online services for entertainment and business. People have virtual lives in these worlds using personal avatars. Bridging real life and these virtual worlds together is challenging, but enables new application scenarios for these systems. Existing work focuses on the representation of objects inside ...

User generated virtual worlds, such as Second Life, typically lack accurate metadata for their virtual world objects. This is a significant problem for blind users who rely on textual descriptions in order to access virtual worlds using synthetic speech. In this paper, we consider the problem of automatic object labeling to improve accessibility of virtual worlds for users with disabilities. Ta...

The end of the two great world wars and disappearance current political regimes have resulted in creation new states international order. With collapse multinational awakening national consciousness, aspirations peoples for their own started to appear. Requirements self-determination primarily from decolonization process, but also as a reflection relations post-war Europe. At First World War, t...