The actin cytoskeleton participates in numerous cellular processes, including less-characterized processes, such as nuclear organization, chromatin remodeling, transcription, and signal transduction. As a key regulator of actin cytoskeletal dynamics, the actin related protein 2/3 complex (Arp2/3 complex) controls multiple developmental processes in a variety of tissues and cell types. To date, ...

Four advanced breeding lines of wheat which had appeared to be resistant to stripe rust in the past years along with a susceptible variety, Bolani, were intercrossed in all combinations of a half-diallel design. Seedlings were grown in greenhouse until the first leaves fully expanded and then inoculated with two pathotypes (races) 6E134A+ and 134E148A+, separately. Days to the first pustule eru...

Knowledge of traits inheritance is a prerequisite for any plant breeding program. Wheat cultivars like Pirsabak-85, Khyber-87, Saleem-2000, Pirsabak-04, Pirsabak-05 and Shahkar-13 were crossed in 6 × 6 half diallel fashion during 201011 at the Cereal Crops Research Institute (CCRI), Pirsabak Nowshera, Pakistan. The F1 and F2 half diallel hybrids in comparison with parental genotypes were studie...

For a long time, the appearance of the fall colours has been associated with the enigmatic chlorophyll breakdown in higher plants. However, the extensive earlier search for coloured chlorophyll breakdown products has remained unsuccessful. When chlorophyll catabolites from higher plants were first tentatively identified, they were indicated to be colourless. These colourless compounds readily d...

Wheat stripe rust-damaged leaves present challenges to automatic disease index calculation, including high similarity between spores and spots, difficulty in distinguishing edge contours. In actual field applications, investigators rely on the naked eye judge extent, which is subjective, of low accuracy, essentially qualitative. To address above issues, this study undertook a task semantic segm...