AIMS To examine existing evidence on the effectiveness of interventions that are designed to prevent the illegal sale of tobacco to young people. The review considers specific sub-questions related to the factors that might influence effectiveness, any differential effects for different sub-populations of youth, and barriers and facilitators to implementation. METHODS A review of studies on t...

[ Journa © 2012 Measures of real consumption based on the ownership of durable goods, the quality of housing, the health andmortality of children, the education of youths, and the allocation of female time in the household indicate that sub-Saharan living standards have, for the past two decades, been growing about 3.4–3.7 percent per year, that is, three and a half to four times the rate indic...

Lately the Olympic sport has been subject to considerable changes. It is rivalry at the Olympic arenas that has grown very much both in connection with professionalization – commercialization and with an intensive development of highly effective systems of sport in China, Japan, France, Australia and some other countries. Constant expansion of a sports competitions schedule, mainly at the expen...

OBJECTIVE We examined the relationship between state-level tobacco control expenditures and youth smoking prevalence and cigarette consumption. METHODS We estimated a 2-part model of cigarette demand using data from the 1991 through 2000 nationally representative surveys of 8th-, 10th-, and 12th-grade students as part of the Monitoring the Future project. RESULTS We found that real per capi...

In this study, the authors examined the long-term criminal activity of 176 youths who had participated in either multisystemic therapy (MST) or individual therapy (IT) in a randomized clinical trial (C. M. Borduin et al., 1995). Arrest and incarceration data were obtained on average 13.7 (range = 10.2-15.9) years later when participants were on average 28.8 years old. Results show that MST part...

This study examined whether individuals with different personality types (i.e., overcontrollers, undercontrollers, resilients) had different friendship quality development throughout adolescence. It also investigated whether personality types were indirectly related to romantic relationship quality in young adulthood, via friendship quality development in adolescence. The study employed six wav...

youth deviance has always been a major concern and an irritant issue and the focal attention among various societies and it has also been the focus of attention by a large number of authorities. this sociological study deals with the cultural tendency of the youth to deviance by a sociological procedure. using a clustering method, in this survey, the data were obtained from a sample including 3...

conclusions the findings of this study indicated that all tpb variables are useful tools for prediction of the smoking behaviors among students. particularly, students’ perceived behavioral control and attitudes towards smoking were found to be important determinants of smoking intentions. thus, the findings could be used for planning effective tobacco control programs targeting university stud...

An interpersonal stress model of depression transmission was tested in a community sample of nearly 800 depressed and never-depressed women and their 15-year-old children. It was hypothesized that maternal depression (and depression in the maternal grandmother) contributed to chronic interpersonal stress in the mothers, affecting quality of parenting and youths' social competence. In turn, poor...

Using data from the National Education Longitudinal Study, the authors examined relations between educational, civic, and occupational success in young adulthood and the duration and intensity of participation in organized activities during high school. They also examined these relations as a function of sponsorship (i.e., school- vs. community-sponsored organized activities). They found that y...