Pearlite is a lamellar product of eutectoid decomposition, which may form in steels and non-ferrous alloys during transformations under isothermal or continuous-cooling (1,2). A pearlite nodule is composed of multiple colonies; each colony has parallel lamellae, which are orientated differently with respect to lamellae in adjacent colonies. This also exhibits a wide range of interlamellar spaci...

The cyclic motion of particles in a periodic potential under the influence of a constant external force is analyzed in an atom optical approach based on Landau-Zener transitions between two resonant states. The resulting complex picture of population transfers can be interpreted in an intuitive diagrammatic way. The model is also applied to genuine atom optical systems and its applicability is ...

Landau-Zener ~LZ! theory treats a quantum system placed in a slowly varying external field. If such a system was prepared in a state of its discrete spectrum, it adiabatically follows this state until its time-dependent energy level crosses another one. Near the crossing point the adiabaticity can be violated and the system can escape from the state it occupied initially to another one. Landau ...

Argon atoms in Stark states at n approximately 25 have been decelerated and accelerated in inhomogeneous electric fields. The acceleration and deceleration behavior can be understood only by considering the adiabatic Landau-Zener dynamics that take place at the avoided crossings between the Stark states and the limited fluorescence lifetimes of approximately 10 micros.

We analyze the influence of colored classical Gaussian noise on Landau-Zener transitions during a two-level crossing in a time-dependent regular external field. Transition probabilities and coherence factors become random due to the noise. We calculate their two-time correlation functions, which describe the response of this two-level system to a weak external pulse signal. The spectrum and int...

– We study a qubit undergoing Landau-Zener transitions enabled by the coupling to a circuit-QED mode. Summing an infinite-order perturbation series, we determine the exact nonadiabatic transition probability for the qubit, being independent of the frequency of the QED mode. Possible applications are single-photon generation and the controllable creation of qubit-oscillator entanglement. Superco...

Martensite is a supersaturated solid solution of carbon in body-centered iron wherein interstitial atoms preferentially occupy single octahedral sublattice. Despite century research, the mechanism this long-range ordering still subject debate. Recently, Zener’s theory was challenged both experimentally and theoretically. In an attempt to settle controversy, we investigated by density functional...

We analyze the formation of maximally entangled Rydberg atom pairs subjected to Landau-Zener sweeps atom-light detuning. Though populations reach a steady value at longer times, phases evolve continuously, leading periodic oscillations in entanglement entropy. The local unitary equivalence between obtained states and Bell is verified by computing polynomial invariants. Finally, we study effect ...

Introduction: Residual oxygen-free radicals of bleaching agents before composite restorations can increase microleakage in enamel and dentin margins, and also various bleaching techniques are being developed using light sources. The present study was conducted to compare the effect of diode laser bleaching and LED activated bleaching on the microleakage of composite restorations. Materials & M...

introduction: the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of srp assisted by the two clinical treatment methods of diode laser or chlorhexidine gel applications in comparison with srp alone. methods: eight patients with moderate to severe chronic periodontitis, each with at least three pockets 4–7 mm deep, were selected for this study. over 66 pockets were selected and randomly ...