ABSTRACT Butadiene rubber (BR) is one of the most useful and second produced worldwide. Polymerization 1,3-butadiene (BD) a highly stereospecific reaction that offers wide variety BR with different microstructures influences fundamental properties rubber. Since first successful polymerization conjugated diene using Ziegler–Natta–based catalyst (TiCl4 or TiCl3 aluminum alkyls) in 1954, research ...

The reliable determination of arsine (AsH3) and phosphine (PH3) in hydrogen (H2), nitrogen (N2) liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is great importance because its drastic effects on the efficiency catalysts, as well strict regulations associated with health, safety environmental issues. It challenging for an analyst to determine parts per billion AsH3 PH3 H2, N2, LPG at low high pressures without co...

Silicon oxide in combination with magnesium chloride is used as a support for the industrial preparation of some types of Ziegler-Natta catalysts. These catalysts are the best candidates for the low pressure production of linear low-density polyethylene and ethylene co-polymers from the gas phase, with improved optical properties in the film form. By many authors silica is believed to act as an...

The sustainability of consumer materials, such as plastics, belongs to the most important aspect eco-efficiency analyses. Besides mechanical recycling, chemical recycling represents an interesting waste management pathway. In theory, this technique does not rely on single-grade feedstock maintain product quality. However, cross-contamination feedstocks potentially leads above-specification impu...