words count: 242 ABSTRACT Manganese enhanced MRI (MEMRI) offers many possibilities such as tract tracing and functional imaging in vivo. Mn is however neurotoxic and may induce symptoms s of Mn-induced neurotoxicity are not clear. In this study, we combine synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microprobe (SR-XRF) and MEMRI techniques to investigate spatial distribution of Mn within the rat hippocampus...

Reduced environmental temperature triggers a range of behavioml and physiological responses to maintain body temperature. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a major site of thennoregulatory heat production [ 11, and during cold exposure thennogenesis in the tissue is rapidly stimulated, through the release of noradrenaline by the sympathetic nervous system. There is a substantially increased require...

A simple and efficient biphasic system comprising H2O, tetrahydrofuran (THF), cyclohexane (CHX) Al2(SO4)3 was employed to convert cellulose into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). The volume ratio of the organic phase aqueous (Vorg/Vaque), concentration in (C[Al2(SO4)3]aque) (C[Al2(SO4)3]org) played critical roles conversion HMF. In systems with H2O/THF/Al2(SO4)3 4/18/0.4 H2O/THF/CHX/Al2(SO4)3 3/16...

Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by movement alterations caused by reduced dopaminergic neurotransmission in the nigrostriatal pathway, presumably by oxidative stress (OS). MPP(+) intrastriatal injection leads to the overproduction of free radicals (FR). The increasing formation of FR produces OS, a decline in dopamine (DA) content, and behavioral disorders. Epi...

Some metals and alloys have special characteristics that enable them to provide superior corrosion-resistant metal surfaces. These protective passive films are responsible for the phenomenon of passivity. Metals with this characteristic can be categorized as passive materials such as stainless steel 316L and nickel alloy Inconel 625. However, in corrosive environment this protective passive fil...

Mass balance studies in forested catchments in the northeastern USA show that S losses via streamwater SO4 exceed measured atmospheric S inputs. Possible sources of the excess S loss include underestimated dry deposition, mineralization of organic S in soils, desorption of soil sulphate, oxidation of recently formed sulphides and mineral weathering. Evaluating the relative contribution of these...

The transformation of atmospherically deposited inorganic Hg to the toxic, organic form methylmercury (MeHg) is of serious ecological concern because MeHg accumulates in aquatic biota, including fish. Research has shown that the Hg methylation reaction is dependent on the availability of SO4 (as an electron acceptor) because SO4-reducing bacteria (SRB) mediate the biotic methylation of Hg. Much...