PURPOSE Aberrant methylation of 5' gene promoter regions is an epigenetic phenomenon that is a major mechanism for silencing of tumor suppressor genes in many cancer types. There is limited information about the molecular changes involved in the pathogenesis of gallbladder carcinoma (GBC), including methylation status. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We investigated the aberrant promoter methylation prof...

Gallbladder cancer (GBC) has a lower incidence rate among the population relative to other types but is major contributor total number of biliary tract system cases. GBC distinguished from malignancies by its high mortality, marked geographical variation and poor prognosis. To date no systemic targeted therapy available for GBC. The main objective this study determine molecular signatures corre...

Objective Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is one of the digestive cancers with poor prognosis, for which surgical resection only potentially curative therapy. Prognostic value macroscopic inflammatory status resected gallbladder in patient GBC has not been fully investigated. We retrospectively investigated relation between and disease-free as well overall survival after radical GBC. Method The sub...

BACKGROUND Radical resection is an effective therapeutic method to increase the survival rate of patients with gallbladder cancer (GBC). In addition to the surgical approach, the relationships between various clinicopathologic factors and the outcome of patients with GBC remain controversial. METHODS Clinical and laboratory examination characteristics, pathological and surgical data, and post...

Biliary tract cancers carry dismal prognoses. It is commonly understood that chromosomal aberrations in cancer cells have prognostic and therapeutic implications. However, in biliary tract cancers the genetic changes have not yet been sufficiently studied. The aim of this study was to clarify the presence of mutations in specific chromosomal regions that are likely to harbor previously unknown ...

As a highly conserved metabolic pathway, the Wnt signaling pathway is involved in cell differentiation, proliferation and several other processes. In normal cells, this pathway is suppressed, and abnormal activation is often associated with tumor occurrence and development. In certain types of tumor, Wnt inhibitory factor 1 (WIF‑1), an inhibitor of the Wnt pathway, inhibits tumor growth. Howeve...

Abstract—In this paper, we study the achievable rate region of Gaussian multiuser channels with the messages transmitted being from finite input alphabets and the outputs being quantized at the receiver. In particular, we focus on the achievable rate region of i) Gaussian broadcast channel (GBC) and ii) Gaussian multiple access channel (GMAC). First, we study the achievable rate region of two-u...

BACKGROUNDS/AIMS According to 7th AJCC TNM staging system, gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) with lymph node (LN) metastasis is classified as N1 or N2; thus making the stage IIIB (N1) or IVB (N2). Stage IIIB consists of N1 status with wide coverage of T1-3, but T3N1 group often showed poorer outcomes than T1-2N1 groups. This study intended to assess post-resection prognosis of T3N1 versus other stage...