Aims. To evaluate the need for endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) before covered self-expandable metal stent (CSEMS) deployment for malignant lower biliary stricture with pancreatic duct obstruction. Methods. This study included 79 patients who underwent CSEMS deployment for unresectable malignant lower biliary stricture with pancreatic duct obstruction. Treatment outcomes and complications were c...

In addition to antioxidative effects, estrogens also exert pro-oxidative actions. The effect of chronic administration of a high dose of estradiol valerate on Morris water maze tasks and brain tissues oxidative damage was investigated. The Sham-Est and OVX-Est groups were treated with estradiol valerate (4 mg/kg) for 12 weeks. Escape latency and traveled path in the Sham-Est and OVX-Est groups ...

Définition 1.1. Soit A un ensemble. Une loi interne sur A est une fonction de A×A dans A. Exemple 1.1. La fonction vide est une loi interne sur l’ensemble vide. Exemple 1.2. La fonction qui à la paire (1, 1) associe 1 est une loi interne sur le singleton {1}. Exemple 1.3. L’addition + et le produit · sont des lois internes pour N, Z, Q, ou R. Exemple 1.4. La soustraction − est une loi interne p...

Among different classes of molecular markers, expressed sequence tags (ESTs) are a new resource for developing simple sequence repeat (SSR) functional markers for genotyping and genetic mapping in F1 hybrid populations of Vitis vinifera L. Recently, because of the availability of an enormous amount of data for ESTs in the public domain, the emphasis has shifted from genomic SSRs to EST-SSRs, wh...

Endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation (EPLBD) is a procedure which makes major duodenal papilla orifice widen larger than stone using 12to 20-mm diameter of dilation balloon catheter to facilitate stone retrieval in treatment of large common bile duct (CBD) stone 1 cm or more. Theoretically this procedure could remove the large stone effectively without needs of endoscopic mechanical lith...

Although anopheline mosquitoes are important vectors of malaria, their genetic makeup has not yet been extensively investigated. The present studies concentrate on the genetic basis of esterases in Anopheles albinomanus. Nine zones of esterase activity activity have been resolved by gel electrophoresis. Four of these esterases: EST-2, EST-4, EST-6, and EST-8 are present throughout all developme...

Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) are widely used in gene survey research these years. The EST Pipeline System, software developed by Hangzhou Genomics Institute (HGI), can automatically analyze different scalar EST sequences by suitable methods. All the analysis reports, including those of vector masking, sequence assembly, gene annotation, Gene Ontology classification, and some other analyses, c...