L1 elements are autonomous retrotransposons that can cause hereditary diseases. We have previously identified a full-length L1 insertion in the CHM (choroideremia) gene of a patient with choroideremia, an X-linked progressive eye disease. Because this L1 element, designated L1(CHM), contains two 3'-transductions, we were able to delineate a retrotransposition path in which a precursor L1 on chr...

LINE-1 (L1) is the most abundant mammalian transposable element that comprises nearly 20% of the genome, and nearly half of the mammalian genome has stemmed from L1-mediated mobilization. Expression and retrotransposition of L1 are suppressed by complex mechanisms, where the key role belongs to DNA methylation. Alterations in L1 methylation may lead to aberrant expression of L1 and have been de...

We use the following convention: A, B, C, A1, B1, C1, A2, B2, C2 are points of E2 T, l1, m1, n1 are real numbers, and X, Y , Z are subsets of E2 T. Let us consider X, Y . We introduce X is parallel to Y as a synonym of X misses Y . Let us consider X, Y , Z. We say that X, Y , Z are concurrent if and only if: (Def. 1) X is parallel to Y and Y is parallel to Z and Z is parallel to X or there exis...

Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies have been proved one of the most promising treatments against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, whether anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies can provide added benefits for pretreated patients with advanced NSCLC and which patients are most likely to benefit from anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy remain controversial. This meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety between...

Immunizations with live recombinant vesicular stomatitis viruses (rVSV) expressing foreign viral proteins have successfully protected animals from challenges with several heterologous viruses. We developed an rVSV expressing the major capsid protein (L1) of cottontail rabbit papillomavirus (CRPV) and tested the efficacy of protection following CRPV challenge. An rVSV expressing L1 of CRPV (VSV-...

BACKGROUND Targeting the immune checkpoints in solid tumors becomes hot recently. Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is ligand for programmed death 1 (PD-1), which is known to negatively regulate T-cell activation. In the present study, we investigated the expression of PD-L1 in tumor specimens of gastric cancer and its relationships with clinicopathological variables and survival. METHOD...

LINE-1 (L1) elements play an important creative role in genomic evolution by distributing both L1 and non-L1 DNA in a process called retrotransposition. A large percentage of the human genome consists of DNA that has been dispersed by the L1 transposition machinery. L1 elements are not randomly distributed in genomic DNA but are concentrated in regions with lower GC content. In an effort to und...

PURPOSE Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1; also known as CD274 or B7-H1) expression represents a mechanism of immune escape for cancer. Our purpose was to characterize tumor PD-L1 expression and associated T-cell infiltration in primary laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A well-annotated cohort of 260 operable primary laryngeal SCCs [formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded ...

Cell-cell interactions mediated via cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are dynamically regulated during nervous system development. One mechanism to control the amount of cell surface CAMs is to regulate their recycling from the plasma membrane. The L1 subfamily of CAMs has a highly conserved cytoplasmic domain that contains a tyrosine, followed by the alternatively spliced RSLE (Arg-Ser-Leu-Glu) s...

Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) is a potentially important tumor immunotherapy target. However, whether PD-L1 expression is associated with survival in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains controversial. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between PD-L1 expression and prognosis in NPC. The expression of PD-L1 was assessed in tumor specimens from 120 patients with...