Automatic and accurate methods to estimate normalized regional brain volumes from MRI data are valuable tools which may help to obtain an objective diagnosis and followup of many neurological diseases. To estimate such regional brain volumes, the intracranial cavity volume (ICV) is often used for normalization. However, the high variability of brain shape and size due to normal intersubject var...

We examined the effects of intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of neuromedin U (NMU) on plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP), oxytocin (OXT), and ACTH in rats, using RIA. The induction of c-fos protein (Fos) was examined by immunohistochemical study, and in situ hybridization histochemistry was used to detect c-fos gene expression in the paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic nuclei (SON). ...

This paper presents a study of gender differences in adult human cerebral cortical folding patterns. The study employs a new multivariate statistical descriptor for analyzing folding patterns in a region of interest (ROI) and a rigorous nonparametric permutation-based scheme for hypothesis testing. Unlike typical ROI-based methods that summarize folding complexity or shape by single/few numbers...

The present study investigated the effects of subcutaneous (sc) and intracerebroventricular (icv) injections of physostigmine (a cholinesterase inhibitor), atropine (an antagonist of muscarinic cholinergic receptors) and hexamethonium (an antagonist of nicotinic cholinergic receptors) on the acute corneal nociception in rats. Local application of 5 M NaCl solution on the corneal surface of the ...

intelligent wells provide the ability for monitoring and control of downhole environment of the wells. downhole monitoring is achieved through sensors while control is realized with downhole valves. recovery from intelligent wells can be improved by proper selection of candidate wells/fields and optimizing the number, location and performance of the installed interval control valves. design cri...

intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of streptozotocin (stz) causes cognitive impairment in rats. the beneficial effect of crocus sativus l. extract (cse) was evaluated on icv stz-induced learning, memory, and cognitive impairment in male rats. for this purpose, rats were injected with icv stz bilaterally, on days 1 and 3 (3 mg/kg). the stz-injected rats received cse (60 mg/kg; i.p.) every o...

background and objective: intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of streptozotocin (stz) causes cognitive impairment in rats. the beneficial effect of saffron main component, safranal was investigated on icv stz-induced learning, memory, and cognitive impairment in male rats. materials and methods: for this purpose, rats were injected with icv stz bilaterally, on days 1 and 3 (3 mg/kg). the st...

Traditionally, the calibration of safety critical nuclear instrumentation has been performed during each refueling outage. However, many nuclear plants have moved toward conditiondirected rather than time-directed calibration. This condition-directed calibration is accomplished through the use of on-line monitoring. On-line monitoring (OLM) commonly uses an autoassociative empirical modeling ar...

OBJECTIVE Prokineticin 2 (PK2) is a hypothalamic neuropeptide expressed in central nervous system areas known to be involved in food intake. We therefore hypothesized that PK2 plays a role in energy homeostasis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We investigated the effect of nutritional status on hypothalamic PK2 expression and effects of PK2 on the regulation of food intake by intracerebroventricu...

Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia. This disease is a progressive and irreversible brain disorder accompanied with severe learning and memory impairment. Exercise increases cognitive ability, attenuates motor deficits, increases new neuron formation, and ameliorates neurological impairments in several neurodegenerative diseases. This study investigated the effects of tread...