Approximately 5% of pigs slaughtered in the UK have been tail-bitten, leading to welfare and production issues. Tail biting is sporadic and not all pigs tail bite. The aim of this study was to identify factors that are common in pigs that perform tail-biting behaviour, and that might be used in a predictive way to identify such animals. The behaviour of 159 pigs was observed in the post-weaning...

BACKGROUND There is increasing interest in recording tail damage in pigs at slaughter to identify problem farms for advisory purposes, but also for benchmarking within and between countries as part of systematic monitoring of animal welfare. However, it is difficult to draw conclusions when comparing prevalence's between studies and countries partly due to differences in management (e.g. differ...

backround and aim: in the present time, analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs such as nonseroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioid compounds are used for the releif of pain, but due to their side effects and economical issues, the significance of research on finding analgesic drugs with less side effects and their ability to substitute these synthetic drugs and substituting newer analgesic co...

background: exposure to ionizing radiation results in genotoxicity and the unrepaired lesions in cellular dna results in cell cycle arrest, reproductive death, interphase death, division delay, chromosome aberrations, mutations, etc. leading to the intensive destruction of cells and violation of their proliferative capacity there by adversely affecting the mammalian system. since ionizing radia...

In this paper, the flexible semi-parametric model introduced in is considered for conducting tail inference of censored data. Both and censoring variables are supposed to belong family distributions, thus solutions modelling data which between Weibull-tail Pareto-tail behaviours proposed. Estimators parameters extreme quantiles defined without prior knowledge strength asymptotic normality resul...

The tail of dogs and allies (Canidae) is important for intraspecific communication. We used a life-sized dog model and varied the tail length and motion as an experimental method of examining effects of tail-docking on intraspecific signaling in domestic dogs, Canis familiaris. We videotaped interactions of 492 off-leash dogs and quantified size and behaviour of approaching dogs to the model’s ...

Farmers claim that they need to tail-dock their piglets in order to stop them from biting each other’s tails. When part of the tail is docked, the remaining tail is very sensitive to touch or oral manipulation (SVC, 1997). As a result, a pig with a docked tail will move away much more quickly from an attempt at tail-biting than a pig with an intact tail, and will thereby prevent its tail being ...

The goal of this paper is to investigate the tools extreme value theory originally introduced for discrete time stationary stochastic processes (time series), namely tail process and measure, in framework continuous with paths space $\mathcal {D}$ càdlàg functions indexed by $\mathbb {R}$ , endowed Skorohod’s J1 topology. We prove that essential properties these objects are preserved, some mino...