A simple CO2 control system was developed for a greenhouse with a high natural or forced ventilation rate. This CO2 control system maintains the difference in CO2 concentration between inside and outside the greenhouse, ∆C, during daytime being small (ca. 5 μmol mol), by supplying a variable amount of CO2 gas with time. Results showed that this system worked satisfactorily, while the CO2 concen...

The linear, two-coordinate and isostructural heteroleptic [M(IPr){N(SiMe3)2}] (IPr = 1,3-bis(diisopropylphenyl)-imidazol-2-ylidene), formally MI complexes (M = Co, 3; Fe, 4) were obtained by the reduction of [M(IPr)Cl{N(SiMe3)2}] with KC8, or [Co(IPr){N(SiMe3)2}2] with mes*PH2, mes* = 2,4,6-tBu3C6H2. The magnetism of 3 and 4 implies CoII and FeII centres coupled to one ligand-delocalized electr...

Tryptanthrin is one of the most important members of indoloquinoline alkaloids. We obtained this alkaloid from Isatis. Two novel FeII and CoII complexes of tryptanthrin were first synthesized. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses show that these complexes display distorted four-coordinated tetrahedron geometry via two heterocyclic nitrogen and oxygen atoms from tryptanthrin ligand. Binding...

A theoretical study of the Kolbe-Schmitt reaction mechanism, performed using a DFT method, reveals that the reaction between sodium phenoxide and carbon dioxide proceeds with the formation of three transition states and three intermediates. In the first step of the reaction, a polarized ONa bond of sodium phenoxide is attacked by the carbon dioxide molecule, and the intermediate NaPh-CO2 comple...

We report the CoII-substitution effect on a cyanido-bridged three-dimensional FeII spin-crossover network, Fe2[Nb(CN)8](4-pyridinealdoxime)8·2H2O. A series of iron–cobalt octacyanidoniobate, (FexCo1−x)2[Nb(CN)8](4-pyridinealdoxime)8·zH2O, was prepared. In this series, the behavior of FeII spin-crossover changes with the CoII concentration. As the CoII concentration increases, the transition of ...

Satellite CO2 retrievals from the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT), Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS), and Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) and in situ measurements from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Earth System Research Laboratory (NOAA-ESRL) Surface CO2 and Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) are utilized to explore the CO2 variability at...

This study evaluates the regional and sectoral CO2 emissions estimated by different CO2 emissions accounting methodologies around 2050 under different CO2 reduction scenarios. The production-based measurement of CO2 emissions is based on polluter pays principle, while the consumption-based measurement is based on beneficiary pays principle. In the field of global warming, the widely used method...

to predicting belowground C cycling in forest ecosystems. Inhibition of respiration has been reported as a short-term response of plant tissue to elevated measurement [CO2]. We sought to determine if measurement [CO2] affected root respiration in samples from mature sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) forests and to assess possible errors associated with root respiration measurements made at [C...

This study investigated the effects of a gradual versus step increases in carbon dioxide (CO2) on plant photosynthesis and growth at two nitrogen (N) levels. Plantago lanceolata were grown for 80 days and then treated with the ambient CO2 (as the control), gradual CO2 increase and step CO2 increase as well as low and high N additions for 70 days. While [CO2] were kept at constant 350 and 700 mo...

Rates of cellular uptake of CO2 and HCO3 during steady-state photosynthesis were measured in the marine diatoms Thalassiosira weissflogii and Phaeodactylum tricornutum, acclimated to CO2 partial pressures of 36, 180, 360, and 1,800 ppmv. In addition, in vivo activity of extracellular (eCA) and intracellular (iCA) carbonic anhydrase was determined in relation to CO2 availability. Both species re...