The lin-12 gene of C. elegans encodes a predicted transmembrane protein that controls a decision by two cells, Z1.ppp and Z4.aaa, between the anchor cell (AC) and ventral uterine precursor cell (VU) fates. We performed laser ablation experiments to demonstrate that specification of the VU fate of Z1.ppp or Z4.aaa depends on an "AC-to-VU" signal from the presumptive AC. We generated genetic mosa...

Status of This Memo This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Abstract The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP...

The effect of the single currency on the Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) hypothesis is examined in this study for the 15 EU countries, vis a vis the US dollar, before and after the advent of the euro. Standard as well as nonlinear unit root tests are employed on the time series dimension. Unit root tests reject PPP and the highest half-lives are observed after the introduction of the single curre...

Nonlinear Adjustment to Purchasing Power Parity in the post-Bretton Woods Era Christopher F. Baum Department of Economics Boston College John T. Barkoulas Department of Economics and Finance Louisiana Tech University Mustafa Caglayan Department of Economics and Finance University of Durham, UK This paper models the dynamics of adjustment to long-run PPP over the post-Bretton Woods period in a n...

Integer ambiguity resolution is critical for achieving positions of high precision and for shortening the convergence time of precise point positioning (PPP). However, GLONASS adopts the signal processing technology of frequency division multiple access and results in inter-frequency code biases (IFCBs), which are currently difficult to correct. This bias makes the methods proposed for GPS ambi...

Status of this Memo This RFC specifies an IAB standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "IAB Official Protocol Standards" for the standardization state and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Abstract The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) provides a method for...

BACKGROUND Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-poor plasma (PPP) have been used to improve hemostasis and wound healing after surgery; however, randomized controlled trials proving their efficacy are lacking. METHODS Hemithyroidectomy was performed on 52 patients. Autologous PRP and PPP were applied during wound closure in the treatment group, while saline was applied in the controls. Out...

We cloned and sequenced the cDNA and the gene encoding the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 1 from the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa. The gene, designated ppp-1 (phosphoprotein phosphatase 1), was mapped by restriction fragment length polymorphism to linkage group III, in the vicinity of con-7 and trp-1. The expression of the gene was monitored by reverse transcriptase and polyme...

BACKGROUND In Nigeria, concerns on the quality and financing of health-care delivery especially in the public sector have initiated reforms including support for public-private partnerships (PPP) at the Federal Ministry of Health. Likewise, Enugu State has developed a draft policy on PPP since 2005. However, non-validation and non-implementation of this policy might have led to loss of interest...

OBJECTIVE To characterise incidence and healthcare costs associated with persistent postoperative pain (PPP) following lumbar surgery. DESIGN Retrospective, population-based cohort study. SETTING Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) and Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) databases. PARTICIPANTS Population-based cohort of 10 216 adults who underwent lumbar surgery in England from 1997...