In between-subjects (BS) designs, different groups may be asked to make judgments on numerical rating scales. According to judgment theory, judgments obtained BS are not an ordinal scale of subjective value. This article illustrates how BS designs can lead to strange conclusions: When different groups judge the subjective size of numbers, 9 is judged significantly larger than 221. The theory is...

Bufalin, a major component of the Chinese medicine ChanSu, which is prepared from the skin and parotid venom glands of toads, has shown cytotoxicity in several malignant tumors. Here, we reported that bufalin inhibited proliferation and induced mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in U-2OS and Saos-2 osteosarcoma cells with intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. By microRNA (miR) a...

HER2-overexpressing breast cancers are characterized by frequent distant metastasis and often develop resistance after short-term effective treatment with the monoclonal antibody drug, trastuzumab. Here, we found that the oncogenic miRNA, miR-221, inhibited apoptosis, induced trastuzumab resistance and promoted metastasis of HER2-positive breast cancers. The tumor suppressor PTEN was identified...

We have studied stress-induced reversion to virulence of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) in persistently infected Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) fry. Naïve fry were persistently infected with a virulent strain (T(217)A(221) of major structural virus protein 2, VP2) or a low virulent (T(217)T(221)) variant of IPNV. The fry were infected prior to immunocompetence as documented by la...

background: early detection is a key to survival for gastric cancer. molecular markers such as mirna (microrna) can have great importance in the early diagnosis of gastric cancer. expression of mir-21 and mir-221 are deregulated in many types of human cancers. this study aimed to investigate the differences in mirna expression patterns within the iranian population. methods: total rna was extra...

Four species of penaeid prawn cultured in Australia (Penaeus monodon, Penaeus esculentus, Marsupenaeus japonicus and Fenneropenaeus merguiensis) were injected with a virulent preparation of gill-associated virus (GAV). P. monodon (average weight = 8.9, 13.9 and 19.2 g), P. esculentus (average weight = 19.5 g), F. merguiensis (average weight = 10.5 g), and small (average weight = 5.8 g) M. japon...

Laryngeal cancer is one of the most commonly occurring malignant cancers of the head and neck region. In the present study, we investigated the roles of miR-221 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cell line, Hep-2. We examined the function and mechanism of miR-221 in Hep-2 cells using techniques of cell biology and molecular pathology, such as western blotting, quantitative PCR, immunohistoche...

This paper investigates immigrant assortative mating and relationship satisfaction. Using a modifi ed random eff ects ordered probit model, the paper demonstrates that spouses of mixed couples are signifi cantly less satisfi ed with their partner than nativeonly and foreign-only couples. JEL Classifi cation: F22, I31