Functional imaging methods show differences in the pattern of cerebral activation associated with the subject's native language (L1) compared with a second language (L2). In a recent PET investigation on bilingualism we showed that auditory processing of stories in L1 (Italian) engages the temporal lobes and temporoparietal cortex more extensively than L2 (English). However, in that study the I...

هدف: هدف این پژوهش، تبیین و شناسایی قوت‌ها، ضعف‌ها، فرصت‌ها تهدیدهای نظام آموزش عالی ایران در مواجهه فعال با جهانی شدن است.مواد روش‌ها: رویکرد پژوهش حاضر کیفی روش مبتنی بر پدیدارشناسی بود. جامعه تمامی متخصصان حوزه حیطه موضوعی ‌شدن بودند. ملاک‌های انتخاب نمونه عبارت‌اند از عضو هیئت علمی بودن، اشتهار سطوح ملی بین‌المللی یا دارا بودن اثر مکتوب زمینه نظر گرفته شد. نمونه‌گیری هدفمند به صاحب‌نظران کل...

Recently the studies concentrating on computer assistant language learning (CALL) has been growing in numbers as they offer many advantages that couldn't otherwise be provided by a traditional classroom setting. In addition to popular computer-assisted pronunciation teaching (CAPT) systems, computer-assisted prosody training system is another branch of CALL (Computer assistant language learning...

Quantitative assessment of key proteins that control the tumor-immune interface is one of the most formidable analytical challenges in immunotherapeutics. We developed a targeted MS platform to quantify programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1), and programmed cell death 1 ligand 2 (PD-L2) at fmol/microgram protein levels in formalin fixed, paraffin-embedded secti...

In this paper a sequence of model transformation languages L0, L1, L2 is defined. The first language L0 is very simple, and for this language it is easy to build an efficient compiler to C++. The next language L1 is an extension of L0, and it contains powerful pattern definition facilities. The last language L2 is of sufficiently high level and can be used for implementation of traditional patt...

Introduction How human brains acquire second languages (L2) is one of the fundamental questions in neuroscience and language science. However, it is unclear whether the first language (L1) has a cross-linguistic influence on the processing of L2. Methods Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to compare brain activities during L2 word reading tasks of phonographic Japanese Kana bet...

Increased remissions in multiple sclerosis (MS) during late pregnancy may result from high levels of sex steroids such as estrogen and estriol. Estrogen (E2=17β-estradiol) protects against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), but the cellular basis for E2-induced protection remains unclear. Treatment with relatively low doses of E2 can protect against clinical and histological signs...

BACKGROUND The programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) system may play a role in the negative regulation of T cell functions in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Thus, it is important to study its role in the widely used animal model for HBV infection of woodchucks with woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV). METHODS Woodchuck PD-L1 (wPD-L1) and -L2 (wPD-L2) were cloned a...

The present study investigated cross-language influences in the processing of binomial expressions ( knife and fork ), from a first language (L1) to second (L2) L2 L1. Two groups unbalanced bilinguals (Chinese/L1-English/L2 English/L1-Chinese/L2) control group English monolinguals performed visual lexical decision task that incorporated unmasked priming. To assess influences, we used three type...

هدف: هدف پژوهش حاضر، تبیین الگوی برنامه درسی سواد رسانه‌ای در دوره ابتدایی نظام آموزش و پرورش است.مواد روش‌ها: رویکرد حاکم بر کیفی با استفاده از روش نظریه داده بنیاد انجام شده است. شرکت‌کنندگان این پژوهش، متخصصان صاحب‌نظران حوزه رسانه هستند که نمونه‌گیری هدفمند، 15 نفر آنان مصاحبه شد. ابزار گردآوری داده‌ها، نیمه‌ساختارمند بود تعداد محقق به اشباع نظری رسید.بحث نتیجه‌گیری: برای تجزیه تحلیل داده‌ه...