Despite some progress, there is still evidence of discrimination on the grounds of gender and ethnic or racial origins in OECD labour markets. Field experiments show pervasive ethnic discrimination in many countries. Indirect evidence shows that on average at least 8% of the gender employment gap and a larger proportion of the gender wage gap can be attributed to discrimination. Virtually all O...

This series of background papers was commissioned for the Global Development Outlook 2010: Shifting Wealth and the Implications for Development. These papers have been contributed by the Non-Residential Fellows of the Global Development Outlook, eminent scholars from developing and emerging countries, to provide insight and analysis on the areas covered by the main report. The opinions expresse...

improving the resource use efficiency in agro- ecosystems is an importantfactor for reducing environmental pollution. to evaluate phosphorus (p) efficiency andbalance indicators, research was conducted in wheat and saffron production systems inthe qaenat region (south khorasan province, iran) during 2011 and 2012, based on themethod of the organization for economic co-operation and development ...