Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling plays a dominant role in the pathogenesis of liver ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Dexmedetomidine (Dex) protects the liver against IR injury via α₂-adrenoceptor activation, but the contribution of TLR4 signaling remains unknown. The authors aimed to examine whether pretreatment with Dex produces hepatic protection and inves...

Pulmonary tumors induced in A/J mice 14 months after a single i.p. injection of urethan vary greatly in size. Since glucocorticoids may play a major role in regulating lung cell proliferation, glucocorticoid binding was examined in these tumors to determine whether tumor size was related to any specific pattern of [3H]dexamethasone [( 3H]DEX) binding. Tumor samples were incubated in vitro with ...

The inhibition of erythroid differentiation of murine erythroleukemia cells by dexamethasone (DEX) has been investigated on a clonal basis. At concentrations which had no detectable effect on cell proliferation, DEX3 rapidly inhibited the dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-induced commitment of individual murine erythroleukemia cells to the differentiation program. DEX did not prevent heme accumulation ...

Because dendritic cells (DC) play a major role in the initiation of T cell-mediated immunity, we studied the effects of glucocorticoids, well-known inhibitors of the immune and inflammatory response, on the differentiation and maturation of human DC. DC were differentiated from human monocytes by culture with GM-CSF and IL-4 for 7 days with and without dexamethasone (Dex). Cells treated with De...

Dexamethasone (Dex), alone or in association with estrogens, is often illegally administered per os at very low dosage as a growth promoter in beef cattle, with effects that are opposite to the muscle wasting and atrophy induced by repeated administration at therapeutic dosages. In vitro and in vivo studies have investigated the catabolic effects of Dex at therapeutic doses on skeletal muscle, ...

The inhibition of erythroid differentiation of murine erythroleukemia cells by dexamethasone (DEX) has been investigated on a clonal basis. At concentrations which had no detectable effect on cell proliferation, DEX3 rapidly inhibited the dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-induced commitment of individual murine erythroleukemia cells to the differentiation program. DEX did not prevent heme accumulation ...

Background: Glucocorticoids induce skeletal muscle atrophy in many clinical situations; however, their hypertrophic and pro-differentiation effects on myotubes have rarely been reported. We hypothesized that dexamethasone (DEX) has a dual effect on muscle differentiation, and aimed to develop a new differentiation protocol for C2C12 cell line. Methods: Dose- and time-dependent effect of DEX on ...

Glucocorticoids (GC) display pleiotropic effects on the immune system. Macrophages are a major target for GC action. Here we show that dexamethasone (DEX), a synthetic GC, decreased viability of naïve bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM), involving an apoptotic mechanism. Administration of DEX together with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) protected BMDM against DEX-mediated cell death, suggesting th...

Dendritic cell (DC) derived-exosomes (Dex) are nanomeric vesicles harboring functional MHC/peptide complexes promoting T cell-dependent tumor rejection. In the first Phase I trial using peptide-pulsed Dex, the observation of clinical regressions in the absence of T cell responses prompted the search for alternate effector mechanisms. Mouse studies unraveled the bioactivity of Dex on NK cells. I...

OBJECTIVE Recent progress supports the importance of local estrogen secretion in human bone tissues to increase and maintain bone mineral density. In a previous study, we reported that the expression of aromatase (CYP19) is dexamethasone (Dex)-dependent and oncostatin M (OSM) increases the expression synergistically with Dex. In the present study, we examined the effects of forskolin (FSK) as a...