One specific thesis of pathogenesis holds that diseases are dependent upon the complex interactions of multiple compounds and cofactors. While one agent may dominate, its powerful effects are mediated by ancillary factors that alone may have no discernible action. We examined this paradigm by comparing catecholamine-infusion induced cardiomyopathy with the organ disease observed by catecholamin...

Baicalin, a type of flavonoid extracted from the dried root of Scutellaria baicalensis georgi, has been shown to effectively inhibit cell apoptosis. Therefore, we assumed that baicalin would suppress co-listin sulfate-induced neuronal apoptosis. PC12 cells exposed to colistin sulfate (62.5-500 μg/mL) for 24 hours resulted in PC12 cell apoptosis. In addition, caspase-3 activity, lactate dehydrog...

With a history of several thousand years, traditional Chinese medicine has been well documented to be effective in the treatment of various disorders. We have investigated the activities of potential neuroactive compounds in traditional Chinese medicine such as Melia toosendan using an in vitro model system, rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. We report here that treatment of PC12 cells with a cru...

Exosomes deliver functional proteins and genetic materials to neighboring cells, and have potential applications for tissue regeneration. One possible mechanism of exosome-promoted tissue regeneration is through the delivery of microRNA (miRNA). In this study, we hypothesized that exosomes derived from neuronal progenitor cells contain miRNAs that promote neuronal differentiation. We treated me...

Nimodipine is a Ca2+-channel antagonist mainly used for the management of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) to prevent cerebral vasospasms. However, it is not clear if the better outcome of nimodipine-treated patients is mainly due to vasodilatation or whether other cellular neuroprotective or neuregenerative effects of nimodipine are involved. We analysed PC12 cells after different str...

Rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells undergo neuronal differentiation in response to nerve growth factor. We show here that exposure of PC12 cells to Nardostachys chinensis glycoside induces the outgrowth of neurites, increases the activity of AChE, triggers cell cycle arrest in G1 and enhances the expression of growth associated protein 43 (GAP-43). Both the outgrowth of neurites and the increase i...

The protective effect of an L-type calcium channel blocker, nimodipine, on cell injury induced by oxygenglucose deprivation (OGD) in PC12 cells was investigated. PC12 cells were exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (30 minutes and 60 minutes respectively) in the presence or absence of nimodipine (10μM/L) in three different time schedules (pre-24h, pre-3h and concurrently). Cellular viability w...

objective: hexavalent chromium [cr (vi)] compounds are well-known environmental contaminants  generated from industrial processes. several studies have reported the harmful effects of cr (vi) on different organs, however, little is known about neurotoxic effects of cr (vi). the aim of this study is to investigate the toxic effects of cr (vi) on pc12 cells. methods: pc12 cells were cultured foll...