In rural Bangladesh, mothers were interviewed to identify factors that determine the use of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) for management of diarrhoea in children aged less than 5 years. The point prevalence of diarrhoea among 1,600 children was 11.6%, with 46% having acute watery diarrhoea. The overall ORT-use rate was 29%; only 17% of the cases used it adequately. Common reasons for not using...

The same contestants often meet repeatedly in contests. Behavior in a contest potentially provides information with regard to one’s type and can therefore in‡uence the behavior of the opponents in later contests. This paper shows that if e¤ort is observable, this can induce a ratchet e¤ect in contests: high ability contestants sometimes put in little e¤ort in an early round in order to make the...

This paper studies a principal-agent model of the relationship between o¢ceholders and the electorate, where the o¢ce-holder is initially uninformed about her ability (following Holmström, 1999). If o¢ce-holder e¤ort and ability interact in the “production function” that determines performance in o¢ce, then an o¢ce-holder has an incentive to experiment, i.e. raise e¤ort so that performance beco...

A new language called Modelica for physical modeling is developed in an international e ort. The main purpose is to make it easy to exchange models and model libraries. The design approach builds on non-casual modeling with true equations and the use of object-oriented constructs to facilitate reuse of modeling knowledge. There are already several modeling language based on these ideas availabl...

Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) is a recently identified bacterial pathogen of poultry, linked to the respiratory disease complex of broilers and the economic losses associated with that disease complex. Present control measures applied for the disease include the continuous use of in-feed antibiotics. A recently developed bacterin vaccine that is applied to broiler-breeder hens to pass o...

We study, both theoretically and in the lab, the performance of open outcry debt and equity auctions in the presence of both private information and hidden e¤ort in an independent private value setting. We characterize symmetric equilibrium bidding strategies and show that these lead to e¢ cient allocation. More interestingly, the revenue ranking between the debt and equity auctions depends on ...

Honbo Zhou, Al Geist Mathematical Sciences Section Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, TN 37831 fzhou, [email protected] Abstract This paper describes di erent approaches to build faster message passing routes into PVM. One of the recent e orts is to use shared memory based channels to replace the socket-based routes between the PVM daemon and its local tasks. Another e ort is the co...

Six field strains of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale isolated from chickens in Elazig province located in the East of Turkey were typed by serotyping and random amplified polymorphic DNA assay using a random primer (OPG-11). Using the AGP test used for serotyping, serotype A was found to be the predominant serotype, only one strain was serotyped as serotype B. By RAPD assay, the tested ORT stra...

Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale strain ORT-UMN 88 is a Gram-negative, pleomorphic, rod-shaped bacterium and an etiologic agent of pneumonia and airsacculitis in poultry. It is a member of the family Flavobacteriaceae of the phylum Bacteroidetes. O. rhinotracheale strain ORT-UMN 88 was isolated from the pneumonic lung of a turkey in 1995. It was the isolate first used to experimentally reproduce...

INTRODUCTION No prior studies have systematically investigated the diagnostic value of cycle length (CL) variability in differentiating the mechanism of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT). METHODS AND RESULTS We studied 173 consecutive patients with PSVT; 86 typical atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT), 11 atypical AVNRT, 47 orthodromic reciprocating tachycardia (O...