The purpose of the study was three-fold: (1) to estimate the national trends in antipsychotic (AP) polypharmacy among 6- to 24-year-old patients in the U.S.; (2) to identify frequently used AP agents and mental disorder diagnoses related to AP polypharmacy; and (3) to assess the strength of association between AP polypharmacy and patient/provider characteristics. We used publicly available ambu...

The four members of the AP (adaptor protein) family are heterotetrameric cytosolic complexes that are involved in the intracellular trafficking of cargo proteins between different organelles. They interact with motifs present in the cytoplasmic tails of their specific cargo proteins at different intracellular locations. While AP-1, AP-2 and AP-3 have been investigated extensively, very few stud...

The basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor activating enhancer-binding protein (AP)-4 has been found to be involved in tumor biology. However, the role of AP-4 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has yet to be elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate the role of AP-4 expression in NSCLC. AP-4 expression as analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot a...

BACKGROUND Endopeptidases such as cathepsins help determine the prognosis of breast cancer (BC). However, little information is available about the role in BC of aminopeptidases (APs), which have been implicated in the metabolism of several local hormonal factors. METHODS Using aminoacyl-beta-naphthylamides as substrates, we measured fluorometrically alanyl-AP, arginyl-AP, cystinyl-AP, glutam...

AIM To elucidate the effects of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) on the severity and complications of acute pancreatitis (AP). METHODS In total, 208 patients with AP as defined by the revised Atlanta classification were admitted to Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University from 2013 to 2016. All patients were admitted within 72 h of AP onset. The hydrogen breath test was perfo...

Adaptor protein (AP) complexes sort cargo into vesicles for transport from one membrane compartment of the cell to another. Four distinct AP complexes have been identified, which are present in most eukaryotes. We report the existence of a fifth AP complex, AP-5. Tagged AP-5 localises to a late endosomal compartment in HeLa cells. AP-5 does not associate with clathrin and is insensitive to bref...

We investigated the electrophysiological effects of cardiac hypertrophy induced by renal hypertension in rats by comparing transmembrane action potentials (AP) recorded from the papillary muscles of hypertensive (HBP) and normal (SHAM) rats. No significant difference was found between HBP and SHAM AP with regard to resting membrane potential (RMP), action potential amplitude (AMP), overshoot (O...