ackground: Converging evidence has demonstrated an association between the Disrupted in Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) gene and schizohrenia (SZ). Within the DISC1 gene, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), Ser704Cys, has been associated with the structure and unction of the hippocampus. Because positive symptoms in SZ have also been associated with hippocampal structure and function, we ypothesize...

In this paper we provide an general derivation of the non-thermal Sunyaev-Zel’dovich (SZ) effect in galaxy clusters which is exact in the Thomson limit to any approximation order in the optical depth τ . The general approach we use allows also to obtain an exact derivation of the thermal SZ effect in a self-consistent framework. Such a general derivation is obtained using the full relativistic ...

A double-blind cross-over study was performed to evaluate the inhibitory activity of silver zeolite (SZ) mouthrinse on plaque formation. Eleven dental students participated in this study. SZ mouthrinse was prepared by suspending SZ powder into phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at a concentration of 3% (w/w). Type-A zeolite was used as a placebo. Before the experiment, the subjects were rendered p...

Task-based connectivity studies facilitate the understanding of how the brain functions during cognition, which is commonly impaired in schizophrenia (SZ). Our aim was to investigate functional connectivity during a working memory task in SZ. We hypothesized that the task-negative (default mode) network and the cognitive control (frontoparietal) network would show dysconnectivity. Twenty-five S...

Reinforcement learning deficits have been associated with schizophrenia (SZ). However, the pathophysiology that gives rise to these abnormalities remains unclear. To address this question, SZ patients (N = 58) and controls (CN; N = 36) completed a probabilistic reversal-learning paradigm during functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning. During the task, participants choose between 2 stimul...

Patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ) often show decision-making deficits in everyday circumstances. A failure to appropriately weigh immediate versus future consequences of choices may contribute to these deficits. We used the delay discounting task in individuals with BD or SZ to investigate their temporal decision making. Twenty-two individuals with BD, 21 individuals wi...

BACKGROUND A study was undertaken to clarify whether the PI SZ phenotype of the protease inhibitor system predisposes to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS The prevalence of PI Z and PI SZ deficient phenotypes was investigated in a population of 702 patients with COPD followed up at the Chest Unit of a tertiary hospital and in 15400 newborn infants from the same geographica...

BACKGROUND The utility of an endophenotype depends on its ability to reduce complex disorders into stable, genetically linked phenotypes. P50 and P300 event-related potential (ERP) measures are endophenotype candidates for schizophrenia; however, their abnormalities are broadly observed across neuropsychiatric disorders. This study examined the diagnostic efficiency of P50 and P300 in schizophr...

Data suggests that emotion reactivity as measured by the affect-modulated startle paradigm in those with schizophrenia (SZ) may be similar to healthy controls (HC). However, normative classification of the stimuli may not accurately reflect emotional experience, especially for those with SZ. To examine this possibility, the present study measured the affect-modulated startle response with image...