Unsaturated soils in engineered geostructures like embankments or retaining walls may experience seismic compression during earthquakes due to particle rearrangement associated with large-strain cyclic shearing. Although previous studies have investigated volume changes drained shearing of unsaturated soils, undrained presents a more complex situation. During shearing, total volume, matric suct...

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The cytoskeleton of cardiac myocytes is a complex network of many interacting protein filaments and associated proteins with multiple functions: it forms structures responsible for maintaining cell shape and contractile filament registration, structural integrity, internal transport and cell division, and scaffolding for several putative signaling cascades.1 The tight coupling between the extra...

A grating lateral shear interferometer is described that can be used with a white light source. The use of the interferometer with certain types of extended sources is also demonstrated.