Autophagy is an evolutionary conserved intracellular process whereby cells break down long-lived proteins and organelles. Accumulating evidences suggest increasing physiological significance of autophagy in pathogenesis of infectious diseases. Anthrax lethal toxin (LT) exerts its influence on numerous cells and herein, we report a novel effect of LT-induced autophagy on mammalian cells. Several...

Common-midpoint (CMP) stacking technique plays an important role in enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in seismic data processing and imaging. Weighted stacking is often used to improve the performance of conventional equalweight stacking in further attenuating random noise and handling the amplitude variations in real seismic data. In this study, we propose to use a hybrid framework of ...

The acquisition footprint noise in migrated sections consists of migration artifacts associated with a discrete recording geometry. Such noise can corrupt the interpretation of seismic sections, especially for AVO studies, so it is critical to design an optimal seismic survey that generates the smallest footprint. Our previous work showed that the Seismic Array Theorem can be used to design bet...

When redundancy of seismic data exists factorial cokriging enables the estimation of (1) a common part, based on the common spatial behavior, and (2) the differences relative to the common part of the input data. Coléou (2002) first introduced the automatic implementation of factorial co-kriging (AFACK) as a filtering technique for the time-lapse (4D) processing sequence. It was specifically de...

The PSRR of a linear regulator is determined by three factors: 1. The PSRR of the bandgap voltage reference, whose output ripple affects the output ripple of the linear regulator up to the roll-off frequency of the bandgap. 2. The open-loop gain of the feedback loop (AV), which is roughly equal to the open-loop gain of the error amplifier, up to the 0dB (unity gain) crossover frequency of the l...

Vve examine seismic waves scattered from anisotropic heterogeneity with laboratory data and numerical modeling in order to develop modeling techniques for the characterization of fracture p'roperties in tight gas sands from surface seismic reflection data. Laboratory models representing features of a fractured reservoir were constructed using Phenolite (the "reservoir") embedded in a Lucite bac...

Multiple reflections provide redundant, and sometimes additional, information about the corresponding primary reflections. I implement a least-squares inversion scheme to jointly image (by normal moveout) primaries and multiples, with the goal of enforcing consistency between the images and the input data. Furthermore, to effect noise (“crosstalk”) suppression, I introduce a novel form of model...

An extension of the open–source Bayesian AVO inversion program Delivery [1],[2] to time–lapse seismic inversion problems is described. The inverse problem is for a trace–wise layer–stack model comprising unknown layer–times, rock properties, fluid types and saturations, and pore pressure changes. The “data” are true–amplitude imaged/migrated seismic reflectivity traces, for arbitrary numbers of...