This article argues that Russell McCutcheon’s notion of the religion scholar as a critic is crucial for envisioning a distinct relevance to the academic study of religion in multidisciplinary conversations concerning questions of religion and conflict. However, McCutcheon’s critical approach is insufficient for thinking about transforming conflicts and underlying structures of injustice. To act...

Adaptive critic (AC) based controllers are typically discrete and/or yield a uniformly ultimately bounded stability result because of the presence of disturbances and unknown approximation errors. A continuous-time AC controller is developed that yields asymptotic tracking of a class of uncertain nonlinear systems with bounded disturbances. The proposed AC-based controller consists of two neura...

In the present paper a neural network approach called “Adaptive Critic Design” (ACD) was applied to optimal tuning of set point controllers of the three main substrates (sugar, nitrogen source and dissolved oxygen) for PHB production process. For approximation of the critic and the controllers a special kind of recurrent neural networks called Echo state networks (ESN) were used. Their structur...

زمینه و هدف: بیماری کبد چرب غیرالکلی رایج‌ترین کبدی است که در حال پیشرفت بوده بیش از یک‌چهارم مردم جهان را درگیر خود ساخته است. این پژوهشگران معتقدند فعالیت ورزشی استفاده داروهای گیاهی با خواص ضدچربی ضداکسایشی می‌تواند به‌عنوان درمان مکمل، سودمند باشد. بنابراین، هدف پژوهش تعیین آثار هشت هفته تمرین هوازی یا مصرف عرق آرتیشو بر سطوح چربی سرمی آنزیم‌های زنان مبتلا به بود. مواد روش‌ها: بدین‌منظور، 2...

Instrumental conditioning studies how animals and humans choose actions appropriate to the affective structure of an environment. According to recent reinforcement learning models, two distinct components are involved: a "critic," which learns to predict future reward, and an "actor," which maintains information about the rewarding outcomes of actions to enable better ones to be chosen more fre...