Abstract Four-dimensional variational (4D-Var) data assimilation (DA) is developed for a coupled atmosphere–ocean quasigeostrophic application. Complications arise in (CDA) systems due to the presence of multiple spatiotemporal scales. Various formulations background error covariance matrix ( ), using different localization strategies, are explored evaluate their impact on 4D-Var performance CD...

Gene expression heterogeneity is a key driver for microbial adaptation to fluctuating environmental conditions, cell differentiation and the evolution of species. This phenomenon has therefore enormous implications, not only for life in general, but also for biotechnological applications where unwanted subpopulations of non-producing cells can emerge in large-scale fermentations. Only time-laps...

Typical features of the Transmission Line Matrix (TLM) algorithm in connection with stub loading techniques and prone to be hidden by common frequency domain formulations are elucidated within the propagator approach. In particular, the latter reflects properly the perturbative character of the TLM scheme and its relation to gauge field models. Internal ‘gauge’ degrees of freedom are made expli...

Bacterial surface adsorption reactions are influenced by electric field effects caused by changes in ionic strength; however, existing datasets are too sparse to definitively constrain these differences or to determine the best way to account for them using thermodynamic models. In this study, we examine the ionic strength dependence of proton and metal adsorption onto the surfaces of Pseudomon...

BACKGROUND Appreciable local recurrence rates observed in patients with margin-negative, transoral laser microsurgery (TLM)-treated oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) necessitate identification of new prognosticators for local control and survival. A histopathologic index (Brandwein-Gensler score [BGS]) and intrinsic/iatrogenic/chronic conditions causing immune compromise are investigate...

Elektronische Systeme sind angesichts der zunehmenden Anforderungen an ihre Energieeffizienz immer häufiger mit einem aktivem Power-Management (PM) ausgestattet. Hierbei werden Spannungen und Frequenzen skaliert oder inaktive Bereiche zeitweise von der Versorgungsspannung getrennt. Die Steuerung erfolgt zumeist softwareseitig, wobei die Komplexität aufgrund der stetig wachsenden Anzahl von Powe...

Virtual prototypes are simulators used in the consumer electronics industry. They enable the development of embedded software before the real, physical hardware is available, hence providing important gains in speed of development and time-to-market. Transaction-level Modeling (TLM) is a widely used technique for designing such virtual prototypes. Its main insight is that many micro-architectur...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) in treatment of pT3 laryngeal cancer. METHODS We conducted a retrospective case series study of 226 patients with pT3 glottic (n = 122; 54%) or supraglottic laryngeal carcinoma (n = 104; 46%). All patients were treated by TLM in combination with neck dissection (63%) and with postoperative...

Background Transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) for early to intermediate laryngeal squamous cell cancer (SCC) can be technically challenging when adequate exposure of the posterior laryngeal compartment is required due to the presence of the orotracheal tube. The goal of our study was to analyze the efficacy of high frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) in achieving appropriate laryngeal exposure and...

Time-to-market pressure and productivity gap force vendors and researchers to improve embedded system design methodology. Current used design method, Register Transfer Level (RTL), is no longer be adequate to comply with embedded system design necessity. It needs a new methodology for facing the lack of RTL. In this paper, a new methodology of hardware embedded system modeling process is design...