Vapor deposited multilayers consisting of a low electrical resistivity conductor sandwiched between ferromagnetic metals such as cobalt or nickel-iron alloys sometimes exhibit giant magnetoresistance ~GMR!. The GMR properties of these films are a sensitive function of structure and defects in the films and therefore depend upon the processing conditions used for their synthesis. A three-dimensi...

Current perpendicular-to-plane (CPP) giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effects are of interest in a possible application of magnetic sensor elements, such as read-head of hard disk drives. To improve the junction performance, the interface tailoring effects were investigated for the Heulser alloy, Co₂Fe0.4Mn0.6Si (CFMS), based CPP-GMR junctions with an L 1 2 -Ag₃Mg ordered alloy spacer. Ultra-thin ...

Changes in regional brain activity can be observed following global normalization procedures to reduce variability in the data. In particular, spurious regional differences may appear when scans from patients with low global activity are compared to those from healthy subjects. It has thus been suggested that the consistent increases in subcortical activity that characterize the abnormal Parkin...

We report on the noise performance characteristics of magnetic sensors using both tunnel junction (MTJ) and giant magnetoresistance (GMR) elements. Each sensor studied has a notably different detectivity. Of we measured, those based GMR multilayers have lowest However, also significantly smaller linear range. To make direct comparison between sensors, scale operating ranges each to be same. Thi...

Positron emission tomography (PET) studies have shown decreased glucose metabolism in brain regions of detoxified alcoholics and cocaine abusers. However, it is not clear whether this decrease is due to chronic drug abuse or a pre-existing condition. Molecular genetic studies have found an association of the D2 dopamine receptor (DRD2) A1 allele with alcoholism and drug abuse. Moreover, reduced...