Despite the predominance of sleep in early infancy, developmental science has yet to play a major role in shaping concepts and theories about sleep and its associated ultradian and circadian rhythms. Here we argue that developmental analyses help us to elucidate the relative contributions of the brainstem and forebrain to sleep-wake control and to dissect the neural components of sleep-wake rhy...

[1] Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) predicts that lunar wake expands outward at magnetosonic velocities in all directions perpendicular to background solar wind; however, fluid theories emphasize that lunar wake expands outward at sound speeds mainly along the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). Early observations supported the MHD predictions in the near-moon region despite lack of solar wind and ...

The properties of turbulence generated by uniform fluxes of monodisperse spherical particles moving through a uniform flowing gas were studied experimentally, emphasizing the properties of the region surrounding individual wake disturbances, i.e., the turbulent inter-wake region. Mean and fluctuating values, probability density functions and energy spectra of streamwise and cross stream velocit...

OBJECTIVE To examine bed times and wake times in US adolescents aged 15 to 17 years using time diaries to determine whether adolescent sleep has changed in recent years and what factors determine bed times and wake times. STUDY DESIGN Time diary analysis using 2 national probability samples: 1981 Time Use Longitudinal Panel Study (n = 130) and 2003-2006 American Time Use Survey (n = 2978). ...

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To review the state of the science on sleep/wake disturbances in people with cancer and their caregivers. DATA SOURCES Published articles, books and book chapters, conference proceedings, and MEDLINE, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Library computerized databases. DATA SYNTHESIS Scientists have initiated studies on ...

The engineering wake models by Jensen [1] and Frandsen et al. [2] are assessed for different scenarios simulated using Large Eddy Simulation and the Actuator Line method implemented in the Navier-Stokes equations. The scenarios include the far wake behind a single wind turbine, a long row of turbines in an atmospheric boundary layer, idealised cases of an infinitely long row of wind turbines an...

Finnegans Wake presents a semiotic dilemma for the reader: How is it that the Wake means anything? And, Why doesn't it mean everything? To gesture, somewhat metonymically, toward the Wake itself: It is told in sounds in utter that, in signs so adds to, in universal, in polygluttural, in each auxiliary neutral idiom, sordomutics, florilingua, sheltafocal, flayflutter, a con's cubane, a pro's tut...

The lift-generated wake vortices trailing behind an aircraft present a danger to aircraft following the same or a nearby path. The degree of hazard to the following aircraft depends on the nature of the wake encountered in its flight path and on the ability of the aircraft to counter its effects. This report describes the current state of understanding of the factors that influence the motion a...

The production of ultrabright electron bunches using ionization injection triggered by two transversely colliding laser pulses inside a beam-driven plasma wake is examined via three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. The relatively low intensity lasers are polarized along the wake axis and overlap with the wake for a very short time. The result is that the residual momentum of the ionize...

Wind turbines are typically operated to maximize their own performance without considering the impact of wake effects on nearby turbines. There is the potential to increase total power and reduce structural loads by properly coordinating the individual turbines in a wind farm. The effective design and analysis of such coordinated controllers requires turbine wake models of sufficient accuracy b...