OBJECTIVE To characterise incidence and healthcare costs associated with persistent postoperative pain (PPP) following lumbar surgery. DESIGN Retrospective, population-based cohort study. SETTING Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) and Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) databases. PARTICIPANTS Population-based cohort of 10 216 adults who underwent lumbar surgery in England from 1997...

The present paper tests for the validity of long-run purchasing power parity (PPP) for seventeen European economies in transition. Analysis is performed following the methodological suggestions expressed in recent studies for PPP. Longrun PPP is initially tested for each economy vis-a-vis the US, using the Johansen cointegration methodology and then for the whole set of countries using the Lars...

The beneficial effects of probiotics have been attributed to their ability to promote the immunological and nonimmunological defense barrier in the gut, normalization of increased intestinal permeability and altered gut microflora. Twelve different intestinal bacterial colonies were isolated from Black Tiger Shrimp (Penaeus monodon). Among them strain PPP 13 was studied and characterized due to...

We investigate convergence towards Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) within the Euro Zone and between the Euro Zone and its main partners using panel data methods. We find strong rejections of the unit root hypothesis, and therefore evidence of PPP, in the Euro Zone for different numeraire currencies, as well as in the Euro Zone plus the United States with the dollar as the numeraire currency, star...

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a very aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis. Available treatments for this type of cancer are far from being satisfactory. The IGF signalling pathway represents an important mechanism for ACT growth and constitutes a relevant therapeutic target. We investigated the effect of picropodophyllin (PPP), a member of the cyclolignan family and a new inhibitor of IGF...

Most of the international asset pricing models are developed in the situation where purchasing power parity (PPP) is not respected.Investors of different countries do not agree on expected security returns. However, in this case, an equilibrium on the international assets market may exist but not on the international goods market. Our purpose in this paper is to give conditions under which we h...

As use of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-poor plasma (PPP) increases for intraoperative care of a variety of patients, it is important for perioperative nurses to recognize their benefits. Autologous PRP may decrease postoperative drainage, reduce narcotic requirements, and facilitate an early return to mobility. Postoperatively, patients should experience fewer complication...

it is found for the last two decades that there has been a rapid rise of ppps across the world. a government in developing countries like india is using ppp arrangements for improved delivery of infrastructure services and social services. public private partnerships which are an integral part of the new paradigm of good governance policy is the most recent addition in the world of society and ...

Research has demonstrated that receiver clock modeling can reduce the correlation coefficients among the parameters of receiver clock bias, station height and zenith tropospheric delay. This paper introduces the receiver clock modeling to GPS/GLONASS combined precise point positioning (PPP), aiming to better separate the receiver clock bias and station coordinates and therefore improve position...

(E)-3-Phenyl-1-(2-pyrrolyl)-2-propenone (PPP) is a pyrrole derivative of chalcone, in which the B-ring of chalcone linked to β-carbon is replaced by pyrrole group. While pyrrole has been studied for possible Src inhibition activity, chalcone, especially the substituents on the B-ring, has shown pharmaceutical, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant properties via inhibition of NF-κB activity. Our ...