Bacterium-bacterium interactions occur at intimate spatial scales on the order of micrometers, but our knowledge of interactions at this level is rudimentary. Antagonism is a potential interaction in such microenvironments. To study the ecological role of antibiosis, we developed a model system involving an antibiotic-producing isolate (SWAT5) derived from a marine particle and its dominant ant...

INTRODUCTION Acute paraquat (PQ) poisoning continues to be a major public health concern in many developing countries. This study was designed to evaluate the data on cases of acute PQ poisoning and compare the different variables between survivors and non-survivors. METHODS All patients of PQ poisoning who were admitted to the poisoning emergency department during the past five years were re...

Persistent inhalation of diesel exhaust particles results in damaged lung cells through formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), but the details of the toxicity mechanism against monocytes are poorly understood. In this study, we used human promyelomonocytic U937 cells as surrogates of monocytes and investigated the toxicity mechanism initiated by exposure to 9,10-phenanthrenequinone (9,10-P...

Numerous people die of paraquat (PQ) poisoning every year in the world. Although several studies regarding paraquat (PQ) poisoning have been conducted, the metabolic changes in plasma remain unknown. In this study, the metabolomics of 15 PQ poisoned patients with plasma PQ concentrations in excess of 0.1 µg/mL and 16 healthy volunteers were investigated. The plasma samples were evaluated throug...

In this paper, we examine what kinds of social choice correspondences (SCCs) are implementable in Nash equilibria by “natural” mechanisms in divisible pure public goods economies. Then, we found conditions for SCCs to be Nash implementable by each of these four natural mechanisms. These characterizations of SCCs depend on the number of goods. First, regardless of the number of goods, the class ...

We have selected piperaquine (PQ) and lumefantrine (LM) resistant Plasmodium berghei ANKA parasite lines in mice by drug pressure. Effective doses that reduce parasitaemia by 90% (ED(90)) of PQ and LM against the parent line were 3.52 and 3.93 mg/kg, respectively. After drug pressure (more than 27 passages), the selected parasite lines had PQ and LM resistance indexes (I(90)) [ED(90) of resista...

BACKGROUND Non photochemical reduction of PQ pool and mobilization of LHCII between PSII and PSI are found to be linked under abiotic stress conditions. The interaction of non photochemical reduction of PQ pool and state transitions associated physiological changes are critically important under anaerobic condition in higher plants. METHODOLOGY/FINDINGS The present study focused on the effect...