In the paper we consider a problem of controllability of discrete time linear systems endowed with randomly jumping parameters which can be described by finite state Markov chain. An equivalence of three concepts of controllability is shown. Moreover necessary and sufficient conditions for all of them are presented. Key-Words: Jump linear systems, controllability, stabilizability, Markov proces...

Won-Young Hwang,* Keiji Matsumoto, Hiroshi Imai, Jaewan Kim, and Hai-Woong Lee IMAI Quantum Computation and Information Project, ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Daini Hongo White Building 201, 5-28-3, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 133-0033, Japan School of Computational Sciences, Korea Institute for Advanced Study, Seoul 130-012, Korea Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of ...

Acknowledgments We are indebted to the keepers at Zoo Leipzig for their support and to Bridget Waller and Katja Liebal for helpful comments. This research was supported by the Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science and the European Commission (SEDSU Project #012-984 NESTPathfinder). The authors declare no competing financial interest. Correspondence and requests for materials should ...

We assessed the adenosine triphosphate luminometer as a tool for point-of-cleaning education. Following a terminal cleaning, infection preventionists met with cleaning staff and used the luminometer to evaluate multiple surfaces; 820 surfaces in 210 rooms were sampled. The mean proportion of clean surfaces improved significantly over the study period, P = .012. These findings suggest that direc...

Monocyte-chemotactic-protein-1 (MCP-1) plays vital roles in immune response, angiogenesis, and pregnancy outcome. We investigated plasma MCP-1 concentrations in 40 mothers and their 20 intrauterine-growth-restricted (IUGR) and 20 appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) fetuses and neonates on postnatal days 1 (N1) and 4 (N4). Maternal and fetal MCP-1 concentrations were decreased (P<001 and P = ....

Long before the origins of agriculture human ancestors had expanded across the globe into an immense variety of environments, from Australian deserts to Siberian tundra. Survival in these environments did not principally depend on genetic adaptations, but instead on evolved learning strategies that permitted the assembly of locally adaptive behavioral repertoires. To develop hypotheses about th...

PURPOSE To compare the amount of straylight in natural pupils and dilated pupils in pseudophakic eyes 6 weeks and 1 year after cataract extraction. SETTING Laboratory of Experimental Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. METHODS This study evaluated patients with bilateral age-related cataract who had cataract surgery with i...