Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA. Center for Photonics and Nanoelectronics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA. Genetics and Aging Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA. Bioengineering Program, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA. *The...

Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) are sequence-specific post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. Although major components of the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway have been identified, regulatory mechanisms for this pathway remain largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that the RNAi pathway can be modulated intracellularly by small molecules. We have developed a cel...

In focal hand dystonia, the cortical somatosensory representation of the fingers is abnormal, with overlapping receptive fields and reduced interdigit separation. These abnormalities are associated with deficits in sensory perception, as previously demonstrated by applying tactile stimuli to one finger at a time. What is still unknown is whether the sensory deficits can be observed when tactile...

Genome-wide association studies are set to become the method of choice for uncovering the genetic basis of human diseases. A central challenge in this area is the development of powerful multipoint methods that can detect causal variants that have not been directly genotyped. We propose a coherent analysis framework that treats the problem as one involving missing or uncertain genotypes. Centra...

D Rapid eye movement sleep is maximal during early life, but its function in the developing brain is unknown. We investigated the role of rapid eyemovement sleep in a canonicalmodel of developmental plasticity in vivo (ocular dominance plasticity in the cat) induced by monocular deprivation. Preventing rapid eye movement sleep after monocular deprivation reduced ocular dominance plasticity and ...

Genome-wide association (GWA) studies have identified multiple loci at which common variants modestly but reproducibly influence risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D)1–11. Established associations to common and rare variants explain only a small proportion of the heritability of T2D. As previously published analyses had limited power to identify variants with modest effects, we carried out meta-analysi...

REPORT Autonomic dysfunction is a major feature of cerebellar ataxia, neuropathy, vestibular areflexia ‘CANVAS’ syndrome Teddy Y. Wu, Jennifer M. Taylor, Dean H. Kilfoyle, Andrew D. Smith, Ben J. McGuinness, Mark P. Simpson, Elizabeth B. Walker, Peter S. Bergin, James C. Cleland, David O. Hutchinson, Neil E. Anderson, Barry J. Snow, Tim J. Anderson, Laura A.F. Paermentier, Nick J. Cutfield, And...

‘Proto-industrialization’ is the name given to the massive expansion of exportoriented handicrafts which took place in many parts of Europe between the 16th and the 19th centuries. An influential theory holds that these proto-industries generated the capital, labour, entrepreneurship, agricultural commercialization, and consumer demand needed for factory industrialization. Protoindustrializatio...

Methods and Results-—Using the local Get with the Guidelines-Stroke registry, we analyzed 4305 consecutively admitted ischemic stroke patients (March 2002–December 2011). The sample was divided into smokers versus nonsmokers. The main outcome of interest was the overall inpatient mortality. Compared to nonsmokers, tobacco smokers were younger, more frequently male and presented with fewer strok...