Freivalds recently reported a construction of a 2-way probabilistic finite automaton A4 that recognizes the set Iambm : m b 1) with arbitrarily small probability of error. This result implies that probabilistic machines of this type are more powerful than their deterministic. nondeterministic, and alternating counterparts. Freivalds' construction has a negative feature: the automaton A4 runs in...

In this paper a, b are complex numbers. The following propositions are true: (1) a · a = a2. (2) a · a · a = a3. (3) a · a · a · a = a4. (4) (a− b) = (a2 − 2 · a · b) + b2. (5) (a− b) = ((a3 − 3 · a2 · b) + 3 · b2 · a)− b3. (6) (a− b) = (((a4 − 4 · a3 · b) + 6 · a2 · b2)− 4 · b3 · a) + b4. Let n be a natural number and let r be a real number. We introduce r1/n as a synonym of n √ r. Let n be a ...

Objective: Previous study demonstrated the involvement of basic aminopeptidase (APB) activity in the development of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Two zinc dependent metalloenzymes (EC 3.4.11.6 and EC 3.3.2.6) are known to exhibit concomitantly APB and leukotriene-A4-hydrolase (LT-A4-H) activities. Influence of the interrelationship between both activities on arthritic processes, however, is...

Lipoxin A4 can alleviate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by reducing the inflammatory reaction, but it is currently unclear whether it has a protective effect on diabetes mellitus complicated by focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. In this study, we established rat models of diabetes mellitus using an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. We then induced focal cerebral ischem...

Soils formed in loess are evidence of both relict and buried landscapes developed on Pliocene-to-latest Pleistocene basalt flows of the Cima volcanic field in the eastern Mojave Desert, California. The characteristics of these soils change systematically and as functions of the age and surface morphology of the lava flow. Four distinct phases of soil development are recognized: phase 1 weakly d...

Bandeiraea simplicifolia plant seeds contain a family of five alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-binding isolectins (BS I-A4, A3B, A2B2, AB3, B4) and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-binding lectin (BS II). After Pi/NaCl extraction and ammonium sulfate fractionation BS II is specifically adsorbed onto p-aminobenzyl-1-thio-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide-succinylaminohexylaminyl--Sepharose-4B. The BS I isolectins pas...