In this paper, we propose a new efficient bit-plane coding method for fine granular scalable (FGS) video coding. The general structure of the proposed bit-plane coding method is based on the traditional bit-plane coding scheme in MPEG-4 FGS. However, to enhance coding efficiency of bit-plane encoding, we apply an efficient probability estimation scheme through employing the binary arithmetic co...

Within the premises of the flux-oriented theory of Crabtree & Newsholme [(1987) Biochem. J. 247, 113-120], I have used a graph-theoretic approach for calculating the Control Coefficients of metabolic pathways. It is shown that a directed graph representing the control structure of a metabolic pathway can be constructed in a heuristic manner directly from the reaction diagram of the pathway, wit...

The weak absorption spectrum of dideuterated water, D2O, has been recorded by Intracavity Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (ICLAS) between 11400 and 11900 cm . This spectrum is dominated by the 3m1 + m2 + m3 and the m1 + m2 + 3m3 centered at 11500.25 and 11816.64 cm , respectively. A total of 530 energy levels belonging to eight vibrational states were determined. The rovibrational assignment proc...

Abstract Introduction Efficient use of any theatre is essential for timely operating and maximising the resources. There are many reasons inefficiency, including delays in patient transfer, issues communication between ward staff. The objectives this QIP were to establish areas improvement communication. Method A survey was distributed amongst staff with several questions subjectively rating th...

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1 There are many ways to incorporate a notion of time into process algebras in order to integrate functional design and performance analysis. One major research strand, stochastic process algebras, concentrates on the annotation of actions with exponentially distributed random variables. This paper presents a tool for the functional analysis and performance evaluation of complex systems based o...

Empirical studies on coordination of economic activities focused on the two polar cases of governance mode, namely vertical integration and market exchanges. Whether firms should be vertically integrated or lever market exchanges in the face of change is, however, debated. Two positions have emerged. Some scholars argue that the vertically integrated firm is the appropriate mode of coordination...

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