The concept of below-threshold and above-threshold current injection efficiency of quantum well sQWd lasers is clarified. The analysis presented here is applied to the current injection efficiency of 1200 nm emitting InGaAs and 1300 nm emitting InGaAsN QW lasers. The role of heavy-hole leakage in the InGaAsN QW lasers is shown to be significant in determining the device temperature sensitivity....

Books about boxing, a form of competition based on blows with the fist, have been published regularly over past two hundred years. The British Library, for example, currently lists 1,400 works held there, including solid academic by writers such as Kasia Boddy, Dennis Brailsford, Elliott Gorn, and Jeffrey Sammons. Boxing aficionados also International Research Organization, founded in 1982 hope...

I use the statistical properties of 4588 nearby halo stars to show that if the local stellar halo is composed of cold streams from disrupted dwarf satellites as is predicted by popular cosmologies, then at 95% confidence there are at least 1350 such streams. Moreover, no stream can contain more than 2.3% of the local stars, while average streams must contain less than 0.08%.

Barry Ness⁎, Evelin Urbel-Piirsalu, Stefan Anderberg, Lennart Olsson Lund University Centre for Sustainability Studies (LUCSUS), PO Box 170, 221 00 Lund, Sweden Department of Social and Economic Geography, Lund University, Sölvegatan 10, Geocentrum I, 223 62 Lund, Sweden Stockholm Environment Institute Tallinn Centre, Box 160, 10502 Tallinn, Estonia Institute of Geography, University of Copenha...