1,4-Dihydropyridines (1,4-DHPs) are recognized as one of the most versatile pharmacophores present as central core in many pharmaceuticals. Low yield and harsh reaction conditions prompted the researchers for the development of new environmental- friendly methods for the synthesis of 1,4-DHPs. This review explored the development of various green chemistry approaches using new catalysts develop...

This case study provides an in-depth analysis of Siemens' lessons learned when implementing knowledge management. For the analysis of the case-study data, we use established tools from the marketing literature, and integrate these with the change management literature. The aim is to provide a rich-yet-parsimonious conceptualisation of Siemens' lessons learned in dealing with two distinct implem...

Polyclonal antibodies to the 32,000-Da polypeptide of the 1,4-dihydropyridine receptor of the voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel have been produced and used to characterize the association of the 32,000-Da polypeptide (gamma subunit) with other subunits of the dihydropyridine receptor. The 32,000-Da polypeptide was found to copurify with alpha 1 and alpha 2 subunits at each step of the purification...

'INSERM U 134 and Fed6ration de Neurologie, H6pital de la Salpetriere, 'INSERM U 155, 1D6partement de P6diatrie and 4Dipartement de N6phrologie, H6pital Necker, and 'INSERM U 153, Paris; 'Abteilung flir Angewandte Physiologie, Universita Ulm, Ulm; 7Servi~o Neurologia, Hospital de Egaz Moniz, Lisbon; 'Neurology and Human Genetics Departments, Leiden University, Leiden; 9H6pitaux de Lyon, Lyon; '...

Acetylcholine (ACh) induces hyperpolarization and dilation in a variety of blood vessels, including the cochlear spiral modiolar artery (SMA) via the endothelium-derived hyperpolarization factor (EDHF). We demonstrated previously that the ACh-induced hyperpolarization in the SMA originated in the endothelial cells (ECs) by activating a Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channel (K(Ca)); the hyperpolarizatio...

RATIONALE An increase in cytosolic free Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](cyt)) in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMC) is a major trigger for pulmonary vasoconstriction and an important stimulus for PASMC proliferation and pulmonary vascular remodeling. The dihydropyridine Ca(2+) channel blockers, such as nifedipine, have been used for treatment of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hyperten...

BACKGROUND The use of calcium channel blockers (CCBs) in patients with coronary artery disease remains controversial, with reports of increased risk of myocardial infarction and all-cause mortality. Short-acting CCBs have an unfavorable hemodynamic profile. The role of long-acting CCBs in patients with coronary artery disease is unknown. METHODS MEDLINE/CENTRAL/EMBASE database were searched f...

Current researches have showed that N3, N5-diaryl-2, 6-dimethyl -1, 4-dihydropyrine-3, 5- dicarboxamide analogues demonstrate notable anti-tubercular activity. In this study, Hantzsch condensation was used to design and synthesize new analogues of dihydropyridine (DHP). Different diary carboxamides were inserted at positions 3 and 5 of the DHP ring. 4(5)-chloro-2-ethyl-5(4)-imidazolyl moiety wa...

IN THE TITLE COMPOUND (SYSTEMATIC NAME 9-eth-oxy-10-meth-oxy-5,6-dihydro-1,3-dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinolino-[3,2-a]isoquin-olin-7-ium iodide monohydrate), 2C(21)H(20)NO(4) (+)·2I(-)·H(2)O, two independent mol-ecules pack in the unit cell, where interactions between the molecules are stabilized by weak inter-molecular π-π stacking inter-actions [centroid-centroid distances in the range 3.571 (4) to ...