introduction: increasing costs of health and treatment services has led health economics specialists and even physicians in all countries to seek new methods for controlling and reducing costs in medical and health services. the present study was aimed to estimate the costs of a cardiac care unit (ccu) in a governmental hospital in iran. methods: in order to determine the end cost, a stepwise p...

Abstract Environmental Management Systems (EMS) represent a solid opportunity for companies that voluntarily undertake path towards the adoption of environmental protection policies. Many studies investigated link between EMS and improvement performance, demonstrating how an international standard as ISO 14000 or EMAS guarantees company in its performance increase transparency stakeholders. How...

background: reservation of blood leads to blood wastage if the blood is not transfused. therefore, in some centers only blood type and screen are evaluated. in this study, the efficacy of a blood crossmatch-to-transfusion ratio was measured and then compared with the standard levels. methods: this prospective study was conducted during one year in a university hospital. during this period, 398 ...

Abstract The aim of the present study is to explore strategies in enumerating units three dimensional (3D) arrays. We analyse enumeration students grade 3 (ages 8 9) situations cubical and spherical representations 3D By exploring students’ these two situations, we find that difficulties arrays can be traced units-locating, with consequence applying double triple counting. Our results also indi...

preventive maintenance scheduling of generating units is addressed as a long-term scheduling in power system studies aiming to increase the reliability incorporating cost reduction. it consists of knowing which generating units should be shut down for regular safety inspection. in this paper, a new formulation of preventive maintenance scheduling associated with cost reduction index (cri) is pr...

Background: The clinical significance of antiphospholipid antibodies in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) and some other viral infections is controversial. Objective: To study the prevalence of anticardiolipin antibody (ACLA) and antibeta2glycoproteinI antibody (antibeta2GPI antibody) in HCV and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infected patients and its association with liver clinical parame...