The resiliency and adaptive ability of microbial life in real time on Earth relies heavily upon horizontal gene transfer. Based on that knowledge, how likely is earth based microbial life to colonize extraterrestrial targets such as Mars? To address this question, we consider manned and unmanned space exploration, the resident microbiota that is likely to inhabit those vehicles, the adaptive po...

different periods in development, and a multiplicity of effects were observed. Different effects could be produced by the same agent at different times in development. This is quite understandable, for the growing embryo is rapidly changing not only as a whole but at various speeds in many areas. In a long chain of events some cells appear to be more susceptible to certain agents at one time th...

The subject matter of this Ciba symposium departs from the usual specialized, esoteric topics of these meetings. Bringing together such noted scientists as Sir Julian Huxley, Joshua Lederberg, Albert Szent-Gy6rgi, and J. B. S. Haldane, this conference discusses the future of mankind as seen through the eyes of people actively engaged in biological research. These men don the philosopher's hat a...

A fourteenth edition (semicentennial) of Osler's classic has just been released. Again the task of revision and editing was undertaken by the able hand of Henry Christian, who, as a former pupil of Osler and one of the chief exponents of the Oslerian tradition in clinical teaching, seems peculiarly suited to the task of preserving the nature and spirit of the book as the original author might h...

From studies of the effects of drugs on a gamut of physiological regulations or upon the diseased organism, modern pharmacology has increasingly turned to investigations of drug effects on discrete biochemical systems and their intrinsic control mechanisms at the level of ultrastructure. It seems apparent that drugs also affect mechanisms and conditions through which complex behavioral systems ...

?.. leaving the reader to form ^is own opinions'. So scrupulous he been, however, in avoiding lhe intrusion of his own prejudices, 'hat much of the sharpness of contemporary debate is blunted by the reasonableness of the exposition. The author ranges widely in his ?PProach but it was disappointing the passages dealing with conception, sterilisation and termination of pregnancy, that while he le...

Despite an Asian aquaculture tradition of many centuries, aquatic farming on the global scale is still a young sector of food production that has grown rapidly in the last 50 years. Seaweeds, a colloquial but widely used term for macroalgae, play an important role in this business which remains a growing, vibrant, and important production sector for healthy human food. As archaeological investi...