One of the most obviously striking features of human language, especially in comparison with all other communication systems in nature, is syntax. More precisely, language is unique in providing an open-ended system for relating signals and meanings, one which has its own internal structure. The particular structure of the mapping between meanings and signals varies from language to language, a...

It is well known that model parameters are not invariant to shifts in policy regimes. Since Lucas' excellent paper on the subject, economists have paid lip service to the problems raised by regime shifts. Most policy analyses, however, ranging from columns in national magazines and newspapers to more formal work, continue to use models whose parameters are implicitly assumed to be immune to reg...

This chapter describes a class of word groups that lies between idioms and free word combinations. Idiomatic expressions are those in which the semantics of the whole cannot be deduced from the meanings of the individual constituents. Free word combinations have the properties that each of the words can be replaced by another without seriously modifying the overall meaning of the composite unit...

although food allergy is a major public health problem, currently there is no effective and safe treatment except to avoid the foods .but the need for new options is critical now as the number of children diagnosed with food allergies rises. avoiding the offending allergen in the diet is the primary treatment of food allergy. once a food to which the patient is sensitive has been identified, th...

Autoimmune hepatitis is defined as chronic liver disease of unknown aetiology with aberrant auto-reactivity and genetic predisposition, characterized by female predominance, circulating auto-antibodies, hypergammaglobulinemia and association with HLA DR3 and HLA DR4. We present two patients with autoimmune hepatitis. The first patient is a young lady who was diagnosed with autoimmune chronic he...

As an emerging interdisciplinary field, oncofertility bridges oncology, reproductive endocrinology, and infertility with the goal of expanding reproductive options for women with cancer. Oncofertility is currently gaining significant attention from professionals in many related fields and is undergoing considerable scrutiny in part because of the many compelling ethical dilemmas it raises. To i...

Background: When actual measurement of stature cannot be done, other surrogate parameters can be used to predict stature. Stature in clinical medicine and in the field of scientific research can be easily estimated using various anthropometric parameters like arm span, knee height, foot length and breadth etc. Arm span has been proven to be one of the most reliable predictors. Thus this study w...

The preceding fourteen chapters have been written at a good time to take stock of the field of Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs). The extraordinary discoveries made over the last decade or so about a phenomenon that has been around for over four decades seem to have attained a mature state. Thousands of bursts have been observed, classified and followed up and it is now the special and rare cases, that a...