Background Drivers of fire regimes vary among spatial scales, and history reconstructions are often limited to stand making it difficult partition effects regional climate forcing versus individual site histories. Aims To evaluate regional-scale historical over 350 years, we analysed an extensive fire-scar network, spanning 240 km across the upper Great Lakes Region in North America. Methods We...

Humanity's path to avoiding extinction is a daunting and inevitable challenge which proves difficult solve, partially due the lack of data evidence surrounding concept. We aim address this confusion by addressing most dangerous threats humanity, in hopes providing direction approach problem. Using probabilistic model, we observed effects nuclear war, climate change, asteroid impacts, artificial...

Design of the government city center in traditional period has proven to reveal richness Indonesian culture. One them is evidenced by values local wisdom that still maintained from generations even though various challenges have been faced, including penetration foreign influences. The reflected Semarang's Old City Square [Alun-Alun Semarang]. Its existence coincided with colonial administratio...

The wolf (Canis lupus L., 1754) has been a major keystone predator in the Palaearctic since late Middle Pleistocene. Today, wolves display considerable dietary plasticity over their range, characterised by preferential consumption of large and medium-sized wild ungulates, supplemented smaller prey, including small mammals, fish plant foods. However, origins this flexibility (arguably key to wol...

This article evaluates the relevant properties of cement-bonded particleboards (CBPB) made with a portion maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) particles replaced an agricultural waste, banana pseudostem (Musa sp.). The industrial production CBPB was simulated in laboratory based on reference composition defined by manufacturing company. Test specimens were produced assuming 0%, 25%, 50% and 75% parti...