This paper presents an analysis of the long-term (1982–2015) variability aerosol optical properties, as well and greenhouse gases (GHG) direct radiative forcing (RF) in central Europe on basis MERRA-2 reanalysis ground-based observation. Calculations longwave (LW) shortwave (SW) RF were made with use off-line Fu-Liou transfer model preceded by sensitivity study code's input parameters. Then, me...

BACKGROUND Cleft palate is the most common congenital deformity of the face. It could affect speech acquisition, resulting in articulation errors that could persist into adulthood. Electropalatography (EPG) has been used in speech therapy with individuals who have articulation problems that are unresponsive to "standard treatment" procedures. OBJECTIVES To determine the effectiveness of speec...

The Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol, Version 3 (L2TPv3) defines a protocol for tunneling a variety of payload types over IP networks. This document defines how to carry an MPLS label stack and its payload over the L2TPv3 data encapsulation. This enables an application that traditionally requires an MPLS-enabled core network, to utilize an L2TPv3 encapsulation over an IP network instead. Townsley, et...

OSPFv3 includes a mechanism to support multiple instances of the protocol running on the same interface. OSPFv2 can utilize such a mechanism in order to support multiple routing domains on the same subnet. This document defines the OSPFv2 Instance ID to enable separate OSPFv2 protocol instances on the same interface. Unlike OSPFv3 where the Instance ID can be used for multiple purposes, such as...

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This article is an Isabelle formalisation of a paper with the same. In a similar way as Knuth’s 0-1-principle for sorting algorithms, that paper develops a “0-1-2-principle” for parallel prefix computations.

Spatiotemporally organized waves are among the most ubiquitous activity patterns in the brain. Recent advances in electrophysiology, imaging, and other technologies allow experimentalists to observe these activity patterns simultaneously in the responses of many individual neurons and in the ensemble response of the neural circuit, both in vivo (the whole animal/subject) and in vitro (e.g., cul...

Emerging micro-processors introduce unprecedented parallel computing capabilities and deeper memory hierarchies, increasing the importance of loop transformations in optimizing compilers. Because compiler heuristics rely on simplistic performance models, and because they are bound to a limited set of transformations sequences, they only uncover a fraction of the peak performance on typical benc...

The Thatcher-Major ‘permanent revolution’ massively changed the British civil service and Whitehall. political clout provided by strong prime ministerial backing was a key factor in sustaining momentum of change over 1980s 1990s. process developed piecemeal, step-by-step and, some ways, even haphazard fashion, with ‘New Right’ ideology just one factor. Economic financial constraints were import...