Background: The lack of lateral electronic disequilibrium (LED) becomes a main problem in small field. This factor affects the dose in target volume cannot predict correctly. In addition, utilization of high-energy linear accelerator (10 MV) can emit some unwanted particles (electron contamination). Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize head linear accelerator (linac) Varian Clin...

Alternating vector addition systems are obtained by equipping vector addition systems with states (VASS) with ‘fork’ rules, and provide a natural setting for infinite-arena games played over a VASS. Initially introduced in the study of propositional linear logic, they have more recently gathered attention in the guise of multi-dimensional energy games for quantitative verification and synthesis...

A simplified method for characterization of standard library cells based on the linear delay model is presented in this paper. The linear model is chosen as it allows rapid characterization with a modest number of simulations, while achieving acceptable accuracy. All the parameters of cell delays are defined as 50%-to-50% delays, as distinguished from 50%-to-threshold or threshold-to-50% often ...

This work is partially supported by POSI Programa Operacional Sociedade de Informação of Portuguese Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia and European Union FEDER. 1 Paulo Rupino da Cunha, Universidade de Coimbra, Departamento de Engenharia Informática, Pólo II, 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal, [email protected] 2 António Dias de Figueiredo, Universidade de Coimbra, Departamento de Engenharia Informát...

The impact on circuit performance of parameters uncertainties can be effectively evaluated by describing the resulting stochastic problem in terms of orthogonal polynomial expansions of electrical quantities. This contribution formalizes a rule for the construction of an augmented instance of the original circuit, that provides a systematic solution for the unknown coefficients of the expanded ...

Recently, the authors introduced two new second-order single-resistance-controlled oscillators (SRCO) employing four/three unity-gain cells (unity-gain voltage followers and unity-gain current followers). In this communication, a novel family of SRCOs has been presented which employ a reduced number of (only two) unity-gain cells as active elements. The workability of the new circuits has been ...

background: recently, it has been indicated that x-ray coherent scatter from biological tissues can be used to access signature of tissue. some scientists are interested in studying this effect to get early detection of breast cancer. since experimental methods for optimization are time consuming and expensive, some scientists suggest using simulation. monte carlo (mc) codes are the best option...

in this paper, we use molecular dynamics and finite element simulations to determine the mechanical properties of single-crystal metal of silver (ag) with nano-holes. the lattice transition method from 3-dimensions into 2-dimentions in molecular dynamics simulation as well as plane stress model in finite element method, is used to lessen the simulation time consuming. elasticity module reductio...

3 Quantum simulation techniques......................................................................................................... 2 3.1 Analogue quantum simulation .......................................................................................................... 2 3.2 Digitial quantum simulation ........................................................................................