Recent years have shown a gradual shift in the content of biomedical publications that is freely accessible, from titles and abstracts to full text. This has enabled new forms of automatic text analysis and has given rise to some interesting questions: How informative is the abstract compared to the full-text? What important information in the full-text is not present in the abstract? What shou...

92 Reports on the Twenty-First National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI–06) Workshops Wolfgang Achtner, Esma Aimeur, Sarabjot Singh Anand, Doug Appelt, Naveen Ashish, Tiffany Barnes, Joseph E. Beck, M. Bernardine Dias, Prashant Doshi, Chris Drummond, William Elazmeh, Ariel Felner, Dayne Freitag, Hector Geffner, Christopher W. Geib, Richard Goodwin, Robert C. Holte, Frank Hutter, Fai...

Genome scale data on biological systems has increasingly become available by sequencing of DNA and RNA, and by mass spectrometric quantification of proteins and metabolites. The cellular components from which these -omics regimes are derived act as one integrated system in vivo; thus, there is a natural instinct to integrate -omics data types. Statistical analyses, the use of previous knowledge...

See related article, pages 1078–1083. The metabolic syndrome is a clustering of metabolic abnormalities, which include insulin resistance or diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Although the mechanisms of the underlying abnormalities remain to be clarified, the pathogenesis includes both genetic predisposition and modifiable risk factors such as sedentary lifestyle and dietary int...

Micronutrients are big business. over the past century, scientists have established the ingredients of a healthy human diet, which should include very small amounts of 10 or so trace elements and 13 organic vitamins. the refinement, packaging and sale of these dietary ‘supplements’ has given rise to a vast industry, founded on the principle that a little more of what is good for you can­ not be...

Hybrid speciation is thought to be facilitated by escape of early generation hybrids into new habitats, subsequent environmental selection and adaptation. Here, we ask whether two homoploid hybrid plant species (Helianthus anomalus, H. deserticola) diverged sufficiently from their ancestral parent species (H. annuus, H. petiolaris) during hybrid speciation so that they are more fit than the par...

This study examines rates of potentially traumatic events and associated anxiety and emotional/behavioral difficulties among 1,258 orphaned and abandoned children in 5 low- and middle-income countries. The study quantifies the types of events the children experienced and demonstrates that anxiety and emotional/behavioral difficulties increase with additional exposure. As policies for orphaned a...

The infectious reovirus RNA system was used to construct a mutant with two temperature-sensitive (ts) lesions in genome segments M2 and S2, respectively. The double mutant is about 300 times more ts than either of its parents, which are about 1,500 and 170 times more ts than their wild-type parent reovirus ST3 strain Dearing. At 39 degrees C the double mutant is essentially unable to multiply. ...

Background and Aim: Decompressive craniectomy can be life-saving for patients with severe traumatic brain injury, but many questions about its ideal application, indications, timing, technique, and even the definition of success of decompressive craniectomy remains unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the factors associated with prognosis and outcome of patients with traumatic brain inj...