Numerous models are proposed to model international trade and promote it. Vanek, instead of designing a trade pattern based on the production, introduced a pattern based on the factor content of trade. In the present study, apart from the Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek (HOV) theorem, we attempt to determine the factor content of Iran's trade without factor price equalization by using internal input-outp...

extension of trade liberalization in countries is cause to increasing amount of goods in different sectors. exploit of global trade by increasing competitive power was regarded by researchers and policymakers in different countries. whereas abundance of production factor is one of the agent that makes advantage and qualitative land and labor force are two abundance production factors in agricul...

In 55 instances, a single proprietary (trade) name has been used to market > or = 2 distinct generic anti-infective agents. In some cases, one trade name represents 2 different drugs in the same country--or even marketed by the same manufacturer. Some unrelated drugs and poisonous substances are also manufactured under trade names assigned to anti-infectives. The use of proprietary names in the...

trips agreement (trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights) is one of the binding agreements of world trade organization, upon the cases originate from that agreement also heared at dispute settlement understanding. one different character of trips agreement is expressing minimum standards. the diverse explanation of its articles may lead to some controversy between members of world...

This paper puts the gains from trade and the environmental costs of trade on the same theoretical and empirical footing in order to provide a more complete measure of trade’s welfare effects. To undertake this analysis, the paper describes a model of trade and the environment, compiles new data on the CO2 emissions from intranational and international shipping, and estimates the model’s key par...

The development of new electronic markets is challenging, since many factors influence the market outcomes and hence the markets’ success. Even worse, a fundamental lesson learned from economics is that details matter: small changes in market design can have a significant impact on the market participant’s behaviors and thus on the achieved outcomes. Consequently a well structured process for d...

The Personal Access Satellite System (PASS) strawman design, as described in the PASS Concept Study Report, (hereafter referred to as the Strawman Design) utilizes a hybrid Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)/ Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) implementation. TDMA is used for the forward direction (from Suppliers to Users), and FDMA for the return direction (from Users to Suppliers). I...

the relationship between technology and international competitiveness dates back to the neo-technological trade theories of the 1960s. this approach considers difference in technology as the primary motive for difference among nations in terms of trade performance. the technology gap approach emphasizes inter-country differences in innovativeness as the basis for international trade flows. the ...

2 International trade is traditionally thought to consist of each country exporting the goods most suited to its factor endowment, technology, and climate while importing the goods least suited for its national characteristics. Such trade is called inter-industry trade because countries export and import the products of different industries. But the top exports and imports of most industrial co...

mudaraba is an old method of finance and trade. comparative historical studies show that mudaraba and a very similar european institution that appeared in 12th century first in italy and then in all europe i.e. commenda, had a very important role in the history of trade; specially in maritime trade of middle ages. from 16th century it strted to lose gradually its importance and then replaced by...