Lactating rats exhibit stable individual differences in pup licking/grooming (LG) over the first week postpartum. Such naturally occurring variations in maternal behavior are associated with differences in estrogen-inducible oxytocin receptors in the medial preoptic area (MPOA) of the hypothalamus. We compared levels of ER alpha and ER beta mRNA in the MPOA of lactating High or Low LG mothers a...

We introduce a new O(lg lgn)-competitive binary search tree data structure called poketree that has the advantage of attaining, under worst-case analysis, O(lg n) cost per operation, including updates. Previous O(lg lgn)-competitive binary search tree data structures have not achieved O(lg n) worst-case cost per operation. A standard data structure such as red-black tree or deterministic skip l...

Maternal licking and grooming (LG) in infancy influences stress responsiveness and cognitive performance in the offspring. We examined the effects of variation in the frequency of pup LG on morphological, electrophysiological, and behavioral aspects of hippocampal synaptic plasticity under basal and stress-like conditions. We found shorter dendritic branch length and lower spine density in CA1 ...

Cross-fostering studies in the rat have illustrated the importance of the postnatal environment in mediating the transmission of maternal licking/grooming (LG) from mother to offspring. The authors addressed the question of how postweaning social conditions can alter the patterns of maternal behavior. Juvenile female offspring of high LG and low LG mothers were placed in either standard, enrich...

The star formation histories of Local Group (LG) dwarf galaxies and more distant potential LG members are reviewed. Problems in defining the spatial extent of the LG and membership are briefly discussed. The morphological types found in the LG are presented, and it is suggested that we see continuous evolution from low-mass dwarf irregulars (dIrrs) to dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSph) in the LG....

Main results. A rigorous proof that the number of comparisons of keys performed in the worst case by Heapsort on any array of size N ≥ 2 is equal to: 2(N − 1) ( lg N − 1 2 + ε )− 2s2(N)− e2(N) + min(blg(N − 1)c, 2) + 6 + c, where ε, given by: ε = 1 + dlg (N − 1)e − lg (N − 1)− 2dlg (N−1)e−lg (N−1), is a function of N with the minimum value 0 and and the supremum value δ = 1− lg e+ lg lg e ≈ 0.0...

Linguistic Geometry (LG) is a type of game theory for extensive discrete games scalable to the level of real life defense systems. LG was developed by generalizing experiences of the advanced chess players. In this paper we summarize experiences of highly successful application of LG to a diverse set of board games and military operations. We believe that LG has a more fundamental nature than s...

A static dictionary is a data structure for storing a subset S of a nite universe U so that membership queries can be answered eeciently. We explore space eecient structures to also nd the rank of an element if found. We rst give a representation of a static dictionary that takes n lg m + O(lg lg m) bits of space and supports membership and rank (of an element present in S) queries in constant ...

In the model of restricted parallel links, n users must be routed on m parallel links under the restriction that the link for each user be chosen from a certain set of allowed links for the user. In a (pure) Nash equilibrium, no user may improve its own Individual Cost (latency) by unilaterally switching to another link from its set of allowed links. The Price of Anarchy is a widely adopted mea...

Utilization of native insect resistance genes can be an important component for managing insects in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL-M) for insect resistance from PI 229358, controlling antibiosis and antixenosis, was previously identified on linkage group (LG) M and was found to increase the effectiveness of a Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) transgene in soyb...