Visual impairment is a key manifestation of multiple sclerosis. Acute optic neuritis is a common, often presenting manifestation, but visual deficits and structural loss of retinal axonal and neuronal integrity can occur even without a history of optic neuritis. Interest in vision in multiple sclerosis is growing, partially in response to the development of sensitive visual function tests, stru...

......Broad social and economic trends are challenging the semiconductor industry to adapt to the next generation of systems and services. Computing continues to migrate from desktops and notebooks to mobile devices and the cloud. Social media and multimedia growth will drive further consumer demand for wireless bandwidth. The emerging machineto-machine communication network known as the Intern...

An interaction between cellular estrogen response and melatonin signaling mediated by G-protein coupled receptors is present in breast cancer cells. In this study, the effect of antiestrogens on basal and melatonin-modulated expression of MT1 melatonin receptor in breast and ovarian cancer cells was examined. For this purpose, the effects of the selective estrogen receptor modulator tamoxifen a...

Though a wide body of observational and model-based evidence underscores the promise of Universal Test and Treat (UTT) to reduce population-level HIV incidence in high-burden areas of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) [1,2], the only cluster-randomized trial of UTT completed to date, ANRS 12249, did not show a significant reduction in incidence [3]. More UTT trials are currently underway, and some have ...

This chapter presents an overview of the teleoperation of robotics systems, starting with a historical background, and including the description of an up-to-date specific teleoperation scheme as a representative example to illustrate the typical components and functional modules of these systems. Some specific topics in the field are particularly discussed, for instance, control algorithms, com...

133 As we sit down to write this Editorial, the last issue of the Journal of the American Society of Nephrology stands in front of us. Its cover displays an add that publicizes canagliflozin, the first SGLT2i (Sodium GLucose Transporter 2 inhibitor) approved, earlier this year, by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). This follows last...

The development of the human central nervous system is a complex process involving highly coordinated periods of neuronal proliferation, migration and differentiation. Disruptions in these neurodevelopmental processes can result in microcephaly, a neuropathological disorder characterized by a reduction in skull circumference and total brain volume, whereas a failure to maintain neuronal health ...

an often existing metadata fi eld 27-45 JHI_086333.indd 34 12/10/2007 2:35:55 PM Process Black 35 Schuurman and Leszczynski Non-equivalent semantic attributes on the premise that data collection practices and an understanding of standardized variable terms are unique to organizations, even in the presence of standardized variable terms. Extended metadata are attached only to fi elds identifi ed...

T clinical history in this case was not particularly helpful in making the diagnosis and, indeed, the plain-film appearances of expansion and osteopenia would be in keeping with a number of lesions. A swelling in the neck may have suggested hyperparathyroidism, but biochemical results were essential for making the diagnosis. A brown tumour of primary hyperparathyroidism was confirmed pathologic...

Nuclear magnetic resonance, or NMR, is the energy exchange between an RF magnetic field and an atomic nucleus such as a hydrogen proton, which is a tiny bar magnet due to its spin. NMR has a broad array of powerful applications, including: biomolecule sensing (e.g., cancer marker detection), medical imaging, and oil detection. NMR instruments, however, are bulky, heavy, and expensive, and remai...