We propose a fully three-dimensional wavelet-based coding system featuring 3D encoding/2D decoding functionalities. A fully threedimensional transform is combined with context adaptive arithmetic coding; 2D decoding is enabled by encoding every 2D subband image independently. The system allows a finely graded up to lossless quality scalability on any 2D image of the dataset. Fast access to 2D i...

OBJECTIVES To test the hypothesis that third trimester placental biometry and volume can be measured by two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound in utero, determining which method of measurement was most strongly correlated with true placental size ex vivo. METHODS Singleton pregnancies underwent placental ultrasound within seven days of delivery (n = 87, 29(+3)-41(+5) weeks...

Hall bars were fabricated on epitaxial graphene formed on 4H-SiC{0001} under various growth environments. Subsequently, they were analyzed via electrical characterization, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Raman mapping, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with emphasis on the C-face. The results of the measurement techniques were then corroborated to find correlations. It was found that th...

Molecular dynamics (MD) and Monte Carlo (MC) methods are used to determine the spin-pair correlation function G(*)(t) for the diffusion of bulk water in three dimensions (3D) and pore water in two dimensions (2D) and quasi-two dimensions (Q2D). The correlation function is required for the determination of the nuclear magnetic resonance spin-lattice and spin-spin relaxation times T(1) and T(2). ...

A comprehensive theory for interpreting two-dimensional Fourier transform (2D-FT) electron spin resonance (ESR) experiments that is based on the stochastic Liouville equation is presented. It encompasses the full range of motional rates from fast through very slow motions, and it also provides for microscopic as well as macroscopic molecular ordering. In these respects it is as sophisticated in...

In this article, the authors evaluate a merit function for 2D/3D registration called stochastic rank correlation (SRC). SRC is characterized by the fact that differences in image intensity do not influence the registration result; it therefore combines the numerical advantages of cross correlation (CC)-type merit functions with the flexibility of mutual-information-type merit functions. The bas...

OBJECTIVE To establish reference intervals for the fetal cisterna magna volume by means of two-dimensional (2D) method using the multiplanar mode of three-dimensional ultrasonography. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cross-sectional study with 224 healthy pregnant women between the 17th and 29th gestational weeks. The volume was automatically obtained by multiplying the three major axes in axial and sag...

During the last 20 years the rate at which new antimicrobial agents are produced has decreased dramatically, with concomitant increase in the number of pathogens that are becoming multidrug resistant. Together these have created a patient healthcare risk and this is of great concern. A crucial aspect for the discovery of new antibiotics is the development of new techniques that allow rapid and ...

Maximum likelihood (ML) processing of transmission electron microscopy images of protein particles can produce reconstructions of superior resolution due to a reduced reference bias. We have investigated a ML processing approach to images centered on the unit cells of two-dimensional (2D) crystal images. The implemented software makes use of the predictive lattice node tracking in the MRC softw...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study of multifetal pregnancies was the comparison of three-dimensional (3D) volumetry of the cervix, conventional sonographic cervical length measurement and clinical assessment. METHODS 10 mothers were investigated in an observational study between 5/1999 and 9/2000. A total of 34 consecutive 2D- and 3D-transabdominal ultrasound measurements were performed. RESUL...